Escherichia coli drug-resistant

Complicated exacerbation FEV, less than 50% predicted Comorbid cardiac disease Greater than or equal to 3 exacerbations per year Antibiotic therapy in the previous 3 months Above organisms plus drug-resistant pneumococci, P-lactamase-producing H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae Oral P-Lactam/P-Iactamase inhibitor (amoxicil 1 i n-clavulanate) Fluoroquinolone with enhanced pneumococcal activity (levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin) Intravenous P-Iactam/P-Iactamase inhibitor (ampicillin-sulbactam) Second- or third-generation cephalosporin (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone) Fluoroquinolone with enhanced pneumococcal activity (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)... 

Ampicillin is the standard penicillin that has broad-spectrum activity. Increasing Escherichia coli resistance has limited amoxicillin use in acute cystitis. Drug of choice for enterococci sensitive to penicillin. Amoxidllin-davulanate is preferred for resistance problems. 

Komura, I., and K. Izaki. 1971. Mechanism of mercuric chloride resistance in microorganisms. I. Vaporization of a mercury compound from mercuric chloride by multiple drug resistance strains of Escherichia coli. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 70 885-893. 

Antimicrobial Spectrum The drug is bacteriostatic. It is useful against Escherichia coli. but other common urinary tract gramnegative bacteria may be resistant. Gram-positive cocci are susceptible. 

H. Souzu. The structural stability of Escherichia coli cell membranes related to the resistance of the cells to freeze-thawing and freeze-drying, in Fundamentals and Applications of Freeze-Drying to Biological Materials, Drugs, and Foodstuffs, International Institute of Refrigeration, Commission Cl, Tokyo, 1985, pp. 247-253. 

The finding of Escherichia coli on rectal swabs, with a range of resistance extending beyond the sulfa drugs, is difficult to evaluate. The clinical relevance is doubtful. 

Hinton, M. (1986) The ecology of Escherichia coli in animals including man with particular reference to drug resistance. Veterinary Record, 119, 420-426. 

This enzyme was first found by Umezawa and coworkers in Escherichia coli K12 ML1629, which was obtained by transmission of R factor from a naturally isolated, drug-resistant strain to E. coli K12 ML1410 resistant to nalidixic acid. The inhibitory concentrations of kanamydn A, paromomycin, and neomydn toward E. coli ML1629 were higher than 320 u.g/ml, that of paromamine was 320 /ig/ml, and that of streptomycin was 20 yiig/ml. The inhibitory concentrations for . coU K12 were as follows kanamycin A, 1.25 tig/ml paromamine, 40 /ig/ml paromomycin, 1.25 ju,g/ml neomydn, 1.25 jug/ml and streptomycin, 2.5 jug/ml. 

All these effects have an important, hitherto mostly neglected influence on drug activity [214]. The differences in inhibitory activities of trimethoprim (TMP) analogs in cell-free and whole cell systems of Escherichia coli strains being sensitive and resistant to TMP, the interaction of amphiphilic benzylamines with artificial bilayers, the interaction of neuroleptics with bilayer membranes (measured by NMR techniques), and the reversal of multidrug resistance by amphiphilic agents could quantitatively be described in relation to these effects [214]. 

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