Erythropoietin structure function

Boissel, J.P., Lee, W.R., Presnell, S.R., Cohen, F.E. and Bunn, H.F. (1993) Erythropoietin structure-function relationships. Mutant proteins that test a model of tertiary structure. J. Biol. Chem. 268 15983-15993. 

Goldwasser, E. (1991). The structure-function relationship of erythropoietin. In Erythropoietin Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Biology. A.J.Erslev, J.W.Adamson, J.W.Eschbach, and C.G.Winearls, eds. (Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press), pp. 41 52. 

Jelkmatm W. Erythropoietin structure, control of production, and function. Physiol Rev 1992 72(2) 449-489. 

The rate of protein clearance has been estimated as 10% of the rate of fluid clearance from alveoli [173]. IgG clearance is probably mediated by FcRn transcytosis in distal type I alveolar epithelium and more proximal bronchial epithelium. Type I alveolar epithelium and bronchial epithelium contain the necessary subcellular structures for FcRn-mediated transcytosis vesicles, membrane invaginations, caveolae, and clathrin-coated pits [173,174], FcRn mRNA is expressed in lung although the cell types and locations have not yet been determined [112], Moreover, primary alveolar epithelial monolayer cell cultures express functional FcRn [173], plgA-R/SC transcytosis is thought to contribute little to distal (alveolar) airway IgG transport but might mediate more proximal (bronchial or bronchiolar) IgA transport [173], Uptake of an aerosolized IgG Fc-erythropoietin fusion molecule and subsequent erythropoietin-induced reticulocytosis has been demonstrated in human and nonhuman primates [175],... 

Most patients with Al intoxication develop an erythropoietin-resistant microcytic anemia in the absence of iron deficiency, and this may be a useful early indication of Al toxicity [41,93,254,255]. The chemical similarity between Fe3+ and Al3+ suggest that both elements will have similar metabolic effects, suggesting that iron and Al compete during erythropoiesis, resulting from a reversible block in heme synthesis due either to a defect in porphyrin synthesis or to impaired iron utilization. It was also suggested that the main mechanisms for Al toxicity in the erythropoietic system are the interference of Al in the uptake and utilization of iron and an interaction of Al with cellular membrane components, affecting not only their structures but also their functions [256]. 

Another receptor of great medical interest is the erythropKiietin (EPO) receptor. EBP is the binding domain of the receptor for erythropoietin. EPO is a cytokine with an important function in the formation of red blood cells. (see Chapter 6). EPO has been cloned and expressed and is now produced by gene technology. The structure of the EPO-... 

Takeuchi M, Kobata A. Structures and functional roles of the 60. sugar chains of human erythropoietins. Glycobiology 1991 1 337-346. 

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