Error parameters

In these optimizations an anomeric carbon atom was given its own symbol and parameter attributes. The functions are named PEFACl and PEFAC2 the latter has Coulomb terms included. Trial-and-error parameters from PEF400... 

Model statistics include R, adjusted R and root mean squared error. Parameter statistics are the estimated regression coefficients and associated statistics. 

Level of uncertainty High The value is single for a multiple-dimension (e.g. sex, season and measurement error) parameter. 

The variable sample time control algorithm was tested experimentally and the results compared with computer simulations. Tests were made with and without modeling error (parameter shift) for set point and load changes. 

If the computer is equipped to provide output of data on a cathode-ray tube, a camera may be used for recording a series of theoretical spectra computed from various sets of parameters, thus simplifying the search for a trial, theoretical spectrum that resembles the experimental spectrum.242 Output options for n.m.r. programs now include tables of energy levels and error parameters, and lists of progressively and regressively connected transitions that can be correlated with double-resonance experiments (see Part II, Section VI). 

Figure 1(A) shows the ESR spectrum, at 77 K, that results from hydrated DNA (F = 12 2), /-irradiated, at 77 K, to a dose of 8.8 kGy the spectrum is a composite resulting from a number of radicals stabilized and trapped at 77 K An analysis of the composition of the underlying radicals is done by a least-square fitting of the appropriate individual radical benchmark spectra to the composite spectrum. An error parameter is calculated for each spectrum fit and a visual comparison of the computer simulated composite spectrum is done with the experimental spectrum to assure that deconvolutions are properly performed.

An advantage of the cumulants approach is that it is computationally very fast. A chi-squared fitting error parameter serves to test whether the assumed Gaussian shape in diffusivities is reasonable. The calculated values of mean size and polydispersity are reasonable (chi-squared approaching unity) for approximately symmetrical distributions having a coefficient of variation within 25% of mean size. 

The RATIO method table (Table I) includes provision for specifying upper and lower limits of integration for both primary and reference bands with the peak area evaluation procedure. The practical limits of the integration can be determined empirically by evaluating a set of spectra stored on microfloppy disks with varying limits set in the appropriate locations in the method table. Optimum limits can be determined from the calibration plots and related error parameters. The calibration plots shown in Figures 4 and 5 indicate that both evaluation procedures, peak height and peak area provide essentially the same level of precision for the linear least squares fit of the data. The error index and correlation coefficients listed on each table are both indicators of the relative scatter in the data from the least squares fit line. The correlation coefficient is calculated as traditionally defined in statistics. 

The population pharmacokinetics of enoxaparin was described by a one-compartment IV bolus model, the parameters of which are presented in Table 12.1. The interindividual variability parameters specify variances in the log-scale of the lognormaUy distributed PK parameters, and the residual error parameter specihes the variance of the proportional error. This model was implemented in ADAPT II using the Fortran code, provided in Appendix 12.1, which is identical to the ICOMPCL.FOR code provided as part of the software distribution, except for the residual error model. 

Variable DF estimate error Parameter=0 Prob > T inflation... 

The error parameter e is the residual. The parameters an are adjusted so that the sum of the squared errors (Se2) for all the investigated objects (compounds) is minimized. 

The total error of a measurement takes into account both the systematic error (bias) and the random error components. Any measurement that is made during an experiment consists of both of these error parameters, and it is not possible to separate these two. Therefore, it is scientifically correct to use the total error criteria to assess the acceptability of a quality control result during a run. 

Multiple forecasts for the same line of business within the organization are common (if any planning is even done). The gap between what is planned and what actually happens represents lost profits and lost opportunities. The new paradigm for retail supply chain management begins with an accurate view of customer demand. That demand drives planning for inventory, production, and distribution within some understood error parameters. Consumers will never be completely predictable. At the same time, prediction is bounded by limitations in our statistical and modeling sciences. We can... 

Gaussian Prior for the Coefficients and Inverse Gamma Distribution for the Prediction-error Parameter... 

S. Aguado, D. Samper, J. Santolaria, J. J. Aguilar. Identification strategy of error parameter in volumetric error compensation of machine tool based on laser tracker measurements. International Journal Machine Tools Manufacture. 2012, 53, 160-169. 

These are the nominal values corresponding to a LT with no errors. The calibration process will give the error parameters needed to correct these values. 

Another problem usually encountered with force field parameters in molecular dynamics simulations involves the implicit temperature dependence of parameters derived from experimental data. Since experimental data are usually collected at room temperature, parameters fitted to reproduce these experimental data will work best at room temperature and therefore will contain temperature effects implicitly. In molecular dynamics simulations, however, the temperature is an explicit variable, and it is assumed that the force field reproduces the structure at 0 K. The temperature effects obtained in molecular dynamics are added to properties for absolute zero. Parameters derived from data measured at higher temperatures therefore will necessarily introduce a small error. Parameters derived from ab initio calculations are free of these errors, since they are fitted to data for 0 K and do not implicitly contain temperature effects. If only experimental data are available, molecular dynamics calculations should be used to derive force field parameters.i >20 ... 

Figure 3.6 Nag time evolution of (a) the eccentricity parameter and of (b) the shell-model-error parameter, calculated at two different temperatures. Reprinted with permission from [123]. Copyright 1991 American Institute of Physics...

To make the error parameter estimation for and hypothesis testing, we firstly need to analyze balanced data based on grouped balanced data, in order to judge whether the distribution of these data is consistent with the normal distribution. We can draw the frequency chart to do this, and in our smdy we use Matlab data statistics function to do the work. 

When the difference data approximation obeys normal distribution, we can use Matlab statistics function parameters for the forecast error, such as average value, variance and significant level d of confidence interval estimation. Meanwhile, it is examined whether the difference between unknown average error parameter is equal to the estimation of mean value. 

The graphics window immediately displays the frequency histogram as shown in Fig. 3.3 based on which we can draw a preliminary conclusion that the relative error parameters may obey the normal rules. 

The known relative error parameters follow a normal distribution, and test its mean value muhat in variance unknown circumstances and find if muhat is equal to 0.1375. 

According to the dynamic equation model prediction error parameter inspection results, with 95 % confidence level, the forecasting dynamic equation model can reflect the supply chain enterprise product demand trends accurately. The closer the forecast period is, the closer the forecast values and trend values are, and the smaller the average relative error and the variance are. 

Errors in the cost data produced during the design stages may be noteworthy the more innovative the technical features of a reactor design, the higher may be the error. Parameter reliability must be proven at the stages of equipment fabrication and during construction and operation of the prototype plant. 

Variable Symbol The accepted average value Distribution of errors Parameters of given distribution... 

The formalizations of the requirement transport are specified accordingly. Using the model, it can be identified whether contradictions exist between requirements and features as well as in between requirements. In the present PPU application example, it is obvious that no inconsistency exists and, hence, an OWL reasoner infers the model to be consistent. However, if we formulate the test cases as depicted in Fig. 14.10 to be instances of the feature state s concept CraneState, an inconsistency can be detected for test case 3 as both the velocity and mass parameters violate the formalizations imposed in the velocity and mass range requirements, an OWL reasoner infers the error parameter to hold both the values 101 and 102 . Nevertheless, as all properties were defined to be functional, the OWL reasoner identifies an inconsistency. This ambiguity is identified and the engineer is notified that the requirements need to be specified further it is identified that the test case 3 cannot be consistent to the requirements. 

Because the spatial correlation structure is unknown, a set of three alternative prediction error model classes is determined for E, an uncorrelated model class A, a model class B with an exponential correlation function, and a model class C with an exponentially damped cosine correlation function. Each of these model classes is parameterized by a number of prediction error parameters as follows ... 

Parameter estimate standard error parameter estimate corresponds to the estimated difference in the mean adjusted MDI scores of infants in adjacent exposure groups (i.e. low versus mid or mid versus high) the sign indicates whether the group with higher exposure has a higher (+) or lower (—) mean adjusted score 95% (two-sided) confidence interval for the parameter estimate... 

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