Erosion behavior

Erosion is typically characterized by either occurring on the surface or in the bulk. Surface erosion is controlled by the chemical reaction and/or dissolution kinetics, while bulk erosion is controlled by diffusion and transport processes such as polymer swelling, diffusion of water through the polymer matrix, and the diffusion of degradation products from the swollen polymer matrix. The processes of surface and bulk erosion are compared schematically in Fig. 1. These two processes are idealized descriptions. In real systems, the tendency towards surface versus bulk erosion behavior is a function of the particular chemistry and device geometry (Tamada and Langer, 1993). Surface erosion may permit the... 

In order to elucidate the effect of the whisker orientation on the erosion behavior of material SN-C, erosion tests were carried out in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the whisker orientation. It is apparent that in the highly directional whisker-reinforced silicon nitride material, solid particle erosion in the direction parallel to the whisker orientation resulted in a faster rate of material removal compared to that in the perpendicular direction (Fig. 20.4). 

Detailed discussion in respect to the erosion behavior of self-reinforced or in-situ reinforced silicon nitride materials can be found elsewhere (Zhang et al. 2005). Here we summarize the important arguments. 

K. Maruyama, W. Jacob, J. Roth Erosion behavior of soft, amorphous deuter-ated carbon films by heat treatment in air and under vacuum. J. Nucl. Mater. 264, 56 (1999)... 

Fig. 14.2. Time dependent erosion behavior may remain constant (as in regimes A and B) or may change from erosion to deposition (as in C), or from deposition to erosion (as in D). Figure used with permission from [12]...

In this chapter, we shall first propose a model to explain the removal and planarization mechanisms of copper CMP. Next, we discuss surface layer formation during copper CMP, which is important for planarization, followed by copper dissolution during CMP, which is iii5)ortant to maintain high removal rates. Next a comparison of copper CMP to the Preston equation is made, followed by a discussion of the abrasion mode during copper CMP. Lastly, we investigate the dishing and erosion behavior of copper CMP. 

An example of how visual observation can assist in wear studies has been demonstrated in the erosion behavior of thermoplastics ( ). In the erosion of polymers the shape of the impinging particle on the polymer surface determines the mechanism by which wear occurs. 

For suspended adsorbents, stirred vessels are generally used, and the process is easily designed. For scale-up the erosion behavior of the adsorbent and its separability from the liquid are important. The amount of energy to be introduced is determined experimentally and should be high enough that suspension just takes place. Slow-running stirrers with propeller or inclined blades of large diameter are favorable. 

It is pertinent to point out that the influence of incidence angle and particle velocity on the erosion behavior of materials has been found to be rather complex and has not been clearly rmderstood. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impact angle and particle velocity on erosion of AlSl 1018 steel and find out the possible erosion mechanisms during the process. 

S. Chirico, et al.. Analysis and modeling of swelling and erosion behavior for pure HPMC tablet, 7. Control. Release, 122 (2), 181-188,2007. 

The setup utilized for evaluating the hot erosion behavior was shown in Fig. 6a. The weight of cylinders was measured before and after the hot erosion test. Also, the amount of grit used for each test was measured. The measured weight loss of each sample was based on... 

Hardness is one parameter in erosion and cavitation behavior of solid surfaces and therefore can be extracted from the data such tests provide. However, it is more common to use hardness measurements as determined by the other methods to predict erosion behavior. 

Figure 7.2 Various time dependent corrosion/erosion behaviors and processes (a) corrosion foiiows a parabolic time law, (b) FAC follows a linear time law, (c) erosion and corrosion follows a quasi-linear time law with repeated breaks in the protective surface film, and (d) erosion linear time dependency after an initial incubation period [5],...

Source Y. Shida and Y. Sughwto, Waler Jet Erosion Behavior of Titanium Aloys," in S dh Worid Contetence on Titarium, P. La-oombe, R. Tricot, and G. Beranger, Ed., Les EdWons de Physique, Paris, 1989, p 1935... 

Wear Behavior of Laser-Melted Surfaces. Figure 3 shows that significant improvements in erosion behavior of gray and ductile iron are possible with laser melting. Improved wear resistance can also be obtained with laser-melted tool steels. 

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