Impact angle

Atomic Mixing. Depending on their mass, energy and impact angle the primary ions reach a mean depth until they are finally stopped by many collisions with sample atoms. Sample atoms are moved from their initial locations (see Sect. 3.1.1). This re-... 

Tne sliding-impact test results are significant indications of plant-handling safety because the drop heights ana impact angles used in the test are quite within the limits one might find for the accidental drop of an expl billet. Hie test is used not only to evaluate the relative sensitivity... 

Explosive Weight Ob) (kg) Impact angle (deg) (rad) Vertical drop (ft) (m) Chemical event... 

Weight Impact angle Vertical drop chemical... 

Evaluation of Plant Flooring by LLL-Pantex Test with BO-lb (22.7-kgi Hemispheres of PBX-3G1G and. Except Where Otherwise Noted, 45 deg (0.79 rad) Impact Angle a... 

Fig. 2. Cumulative number distributions for wall impact angles and normal and tangential impact velocity components for one polymer of each class.

The experimental setups of two out of the three installations used to date are shown in Fig. 4. The installation on the left-hand side is used to stress single particles under normal impact loads. It was originally developed by Schonert and is described in Marktscheffel and Schonert [15], The particles are fed one by one into the center of a rotor (2) by means of vibration (1). In the rotor, the particles are accelerated in radial channels and finally hit the impact ring (3) under an impact angle of 90°. The impact velocity is determined by the number of revolutions of the rotor. Particles and attrition debris are collected in the impact chamber (4) and can be discharged through a tube at the bottom of this chamber. The experiments were carried out under vacuum conditions to eliminate any effects due to viscous drag. 

For dilute phase conveying numerical simulations with a commercial computational fluid dynamics code were carried out. The analysis of particle wall impact conditions in a pipe bend showed that they take place under low wall impact angles of 5-35° which results in low normal (5-25 m/s) and high tangential (33-44 m/s) impact velocity components. These findings lead to the conclusion that not only normal stresses caused by the impacts are important in dilute phase conveying but that sliding friction stresses play an important role as well. 

Sample to nozzle distance Particle velocity Erodent particles Impact angles Dosage... 

Surface morphology of sample CA2613 following erosion using SiC particles at 30° impact angle. The particle impact direction is from top to bottom of the micrograph. 

Figure 6.3. Dependence of erosion on impact angle (from Finnie et al., 1967).

Figure 6.6. Normalized ductile erosion energy function varying with impact angle and ductile resistance parameter (from Soo, 1977).

Figure 6.7. Brittle erosion energy function varied with impact angles and brittle resistance parameters (from Soo, 1977).

Assuming that the erosion is purely ductile, derive an expression for the impact angle yielding maximum wear. 

The mechanisms of a single particle-wall collision are given in Chapter 2. A particle-wall collision in pneumatic transport systems is a complex process. The bouncing characteristics depend on many parameters, including impact angle, translational and rotational velocities of the particle before collision, physical properties of the wall and particles, and wall roughness and particle shape. 

Arnold, J.C., and I.M. Hutchings. "A Model for the Erosive Wear of Rubber at Oblique Impact Angles." /. Phys.D Appl.Phy. 25 (1992) A222-A229. 

Clark, Hector McL, and Kein K. Wong. "Impact Angle, Particle Energy and Mass Loss in Erosion by Dilute Slurries." Wear 186-187 (1995) 454-464. 

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