ERK extracellular signal-regulated

PKA and PKC are, however, not the only kinases to regulate TRPVl. The Ca /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) sensitizes TRPVl by phosphorylation [57, 58], as does phophatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) via its downstream target AKT [59]. This latter finding links TRPVl to the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) pathway. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src likewise potentiates capsaicin-induced currents [60]. 

Mitogen-activated protein kinase since cloning, referred to as ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). 

Berhow, M.T., Hiroi, N., Nestler, EJ. Regulation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase), part of the neurotrophin signal transduction cascade, in the rat mesolimbic dopamine system by chronic exposure to morphine or cocaine. J. Neurosci. 16 4707, 1996. 

CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase GRK, G protein receptor kinase JNK, Jun kinase MAP kinase, mitogen activated protein kinase MEK, MAP kinase and ERK kinases RSK, ribosomal S6 kinase, GSK, glycogen synthase kinase SAPK, stress-activated protein kinase SEK, SAPK kinase. 

Figure 1 The MAPK pathway and its connections to other signals A negative feedback loop connects the phosphorylated endpoint of the pathway ERK (Extracellular-signal Regulated Kinase) to the transcriptionally-driven synthesis of the phosphatase, MKP MAP kinase phosphatase. MKP then de-phosphorylates ERK to shut down the signaling cascade. The positive feedback loop again starts with the terminal kinase ERK which activates cPLA2 (cytosolic phospholipase A2). This leads to the synthesis of arachidonic acid, which, in turn activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is a positive regulator of RAS (Please see Color Plate Section in the back of this book).

Another major linkage of the 5-HT1A receptor is to activation of ERK (extracellular signal regulated protein kinase) in fibroblasts and neuronal cells (43-49). ERK activation by the 5-HT1A receptor is initiated by Py-subunits... 

Fig. 1. Major signaling linkages of the subfamilies of G protein-coupled 5-HT receptors are shown. Stimulation is indicated by an arrow overlayed with a + sign. Inhibition is indicated by an arrow overlayed with a sign. Abbreviations AC, adeny-lyl cyclase MEK, mitogen and extracellular signal regulated kinase ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinase PKC, protein kinase C DAG, diacylglycerol IP3, inositol trisphosphate.

ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, activates many transcription factors and some downstream protein... 

EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase GSH Glutathione... 

Abbreviations ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor MCP, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein PIP3, phophatidylinositol triphosphate PLCy, phospholipase Cy PTS, phosphoeno/pyruvate-dependent carbohydrate phosphotransferase system. At least in the sea urchin. 

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