ER, Endoplasmic reticulum

Chaperones. Figure 2 The multiple roles of BiP in the biogenesis of the secretory proteins. BiP, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein ER, endoplasmic reticulum ERAD, ER-associated degradation ERj, resident ER protein with J-domain Sec61, core subunit of the protein translocase UPR, unfolded protein response that involves several signal transduction pathways that are activated in order to increase the biosynthetic capacity and decrease the biosynthetic burden of the ER... 

Figure 46-1. Diagrammatic representation of the two branches of protein sorting occurring by synthesis on (1) cytosolic and (2) membrane-bound polyribosomes. The mitochondrial proteins listed are encoded by nuclear genes. Some of the signals used in further sorting of these proteins are listed in Table 46-4. (ER, endoplasmic reticulum GA, Golgi apparatus.)...

Fig. 2.6 The moqjhological events of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (a) starved cell V, vacuole LG, lipid granule ER, endoplasmic reticulum CW, cell wall M, mitochondrion S, spindle pole SM, spindle microtubules N, nucleus NO, nucleolus, (b) Synaptonemal complex (SX) and development of polycomplex body (PB) along with division of spindle pole body in (c). (d) First meiotic division which is completed in (e). (f) Prepararation for meiosis II. (g) Enlargement of prospore wall, culminating in enclosure of separate haploid nuclei (h). (i) Spore coat (SC) materials produced and deposited, giving rise to the distinct outer spore coat (OSC) seen in the completed spores of the mature ascus (j). Reproduced from the review by Dickinson (1988) with permission from Blackwell Science Ltd.

Fig. 3 Representation of matiu-e secretory gland originated from C. sativa. The separate compartments of the glandular trichome are clearly shown, and the places where THC accumulates. Black areas nuclei, V vacuole, L vesicle, P plastid, ER endoplasmic reticulum. Picture obtained from http //www.hempreport.com/issues/17/malhodyl7.html...

EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid EpDIF Epithelial-derived inhibitory factor also known as epithelium/derived relaxant fector EPO Eosinophil peroxidase EPOR Erythropoietin receptor EPR Effector cell protease EPX Eosinophil protein X ER Endoplasmic reticulum ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography E-selectin Endothelial selectin formerly known as endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1)... 

FIGURE 18-11 Regulation of neuropeptide expression is exerted at several levels. ER, endoplasmic reticulum LDCV, large dense-core vesicle TGN, trans-Golgi network. 

Figure 10. A differentiating tracheid stained with PATAg. Small circular vesicles (arrowheads), distributed near the ER are stained positively. The Golgi-vesicles are also stained positively. Abbreviations are as follows GV, Golgi-vesicle ER, endoplasmic reticulum. Scale bar is 500nm. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 22. 1986, Japan Wood Research Society.)...

Fig. 2 Routine preparation of a hydrogenosome (H) in Trichomonas vaginalis (a), Tri-trichomonas foetus (b), and Monocercomonas sp. (c). Note that in T. foetus the hydrogenosome is spherical, enveloped by a double membrane (arrows), and presents a single peripheral vesicle, whereas in T vaginalis several peripheral vesicles are seen surrounding the organelle (arrows) and in Monocercomonas the hydrogenosome is very elongated. ER, endoplasmic reticulum N, nucleus. Bars = 100 nm. (From Benchimol 2001 Diniz and Benchimol 1998)...

Figure 6.12 The cellular toxicity of TBT caused by damage to the thiols of the Ca2+ pump. This leads to dramatic mobilization of calcium from the ER. The filled circles represent ATP-dependent Ca2+ transporters. Abbreviations TBT, tri-n-butyltin chloride ER, endoplasmic reticulum.

Figure 6.13 The mechanisms for the elimination of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm sequestration into the ER via the Ca2+-ATPase system sequestration into the mitochondria (Mito) via the Ca2+ uni porter transport outside the cell via the Ca2+-ATPase system ion gradient-driven transport outside the cell via the Ca2+/NaH exchanger. Abbreviations ER, endoplasmic reticulum.

AA, arachidonic acid LPS, endotoxin lipopolysaccharide ER, endoplasmic reticulum. 

Figure 19.1 Biosynthesis of bile salts from cholesterol. Mit, mitochondria ER, endoplasmic reticulum.

Fig- 12.2 Schematic view of the fungal secretory pathway. N nucleus, ER endoplasmic reticulum, V vacuole, G Golgi compartment, W cell wall filled circles protein. Arrows indicate path of protein for secretion... 

Figure 16.3. Mechanisms of cell injury following an ischemic event, such as blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot. ER, endoplasmic reticulum RNP, ribonucleoprotein. [Adapted from Kumar, Abbas, and Fausto (Eds.) Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2005, Fig. 1-22, p. 24.]...

Fig. 1. A compact visual summary of the signaling of cytoplasmic/nuclear and cell surface receptors. ER, endoplasmic reticulum M, mitochondrion PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate IP3, inositol triphosphate PK, protein kinase, second messenger.

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