Kinetic equivalence

Time-of-flight analyzer. A device that measures the flight time of ions with an equivalent kinetic energy over a fixed distance. 

MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY KINETICS KINETIC ELECTROLYTE EFFECT IONIC STRENGTH KINETIC EQUIVALENCE KINETIC AMBIGUITY KINETIC HALDANE RELATIONSHIPS HALDANE RELATIONSHIPS... 

Making the less substituted enolate equivalent kinetic enolates... 

Entropy of activation (continued) sign of, 256 Entropy unit, 242 Enzyme catalysis, 102 Enzyme-substrate complex, 102 Equilibrium, 60, 97, 99, 105, 125, 136 condition for, 205 displacement from, 62, 78 in transition state theory, 201, 205 Equilibrium assumption, 96 Equilibrium constant, 61. 138 complexation, 152 dissociation, 402 ionization, 402 kinetic determination of, 279 partition functions in, 204 pressure dependence of, 144 temperature dependence of, 143, 257 transition state, 207 Equivalence, kinetic, 123 Error analysis, 40 Error propagation, 40 Ester hydrolysis, 4 Euler s method, 106 Excess acidity method, 451 Exchange... 

The analytical problems associated with differential reactors can be overcome by the use of the recirculation reactor. A simplified form, called a Schwab reactor, is described by Weisz and Prater . Boreskov.and other Russian workers have described a number of other modifications " . The recirculation reactor is equivalent kinetically to the well-stirred continuous reactor or backmix reactor , which is widely used for homogeneous liquid phase reactions. Fig. 28 illustrates the principle of this system. The reactor consists of a loop containing a volume of catalyst V and a circulating pump which can recycle gas at a much higher rate, G, than the constant feed and, withdrawal rates F. 

Effective molarity (EM) An empirical term expressed as the ratio rd,mter/ d,intra which typically references the decreased dissociation constant of a binding guest linked to its host (intramolecular interaction) with respect to the same guest not linked to its host (intermolecular interaction). An equivalent kinetic description is also used. 

The time-of-flight (TOF) analyzers separate ions according to their migration time down a field-free region after acceleration. Since ions with equivalent kinetic... 

The problem of non-equivalent kinetics is inherent to polymer reactions in solids [2], In this case particles existing in different surroundings react with different rate constants. As a result, the most active particles will be removed from the reaction, and the overall rate constant will decrease with time. On the other hand, relaxation processes in polymers restore the initial distribution of particles and so their reactivity. Thus the kinetics will depend on the relation between the rate of the chemical reaction and the rate of the relaxation processes [3], This fact also makes it necessary to reconsider critically the validity of extending the results of accelerated tests for polymer ageing. 

In addition to these practical considerations, there has been considerable discussion of the formal considerations. The Dirac equation provides wave functions for both electrons and positrons. In the absence of any field, the solutions are related by charge conjugation, and there should be equal numbers of electron and positron functions and consequently equal numbers of large- and small-component basis functions. If we use a finite Gaussian basis set to represent the solutions, the basis set should also display charge-conjugation symmetry so that the representation of electron and positron solutions is equivalent. Kinetically balanced basis sets do not in fact display this... 

In Older to be consistent with the original papers, here the notation including integrals is retained. Chapter 11 is complementary to Chapter 4 in the sense that equivalent kinetic dieoty relation ps are expressed in terms of macroscopic quantities rather than effective cross sections. 

A time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer is the simplest type of mass spectrometer. A TOF spectrometer measures the flight time of ions with an equivalent kinetic energy over a fixed distance of usually 1-2 m [30]. A diagram of the basic components of the linear TOF mass spectrometer [31] is shown in Fig. 10.5. 

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