Separation equipment, selecting

Sizing, 451, 453, 455, 459, 462 Sonic flow, 461 Types, illustrations, 411-421 Rupture disk, liquids, 462, 466 Rupture disk/pressure-relief valves combination, 463 Safely relief valve, 400 See Relief valve Safety valve, 400, 434 Safety, vacuum, 343 Scale-up, mixing, 312, 314—316 Design procedure, 316-318 Schedules/summaries Equipment, 30, 31 Lines, 23, 24 Screen particle size, 225 Scrubber, spray, 269, 270 Impingement, 269, 272 Separator applications, liquid particles, 235 Liquid particles, 235 Separator selection, 224, 225 Comparison chart, 230 Efficiency, 231... 

Distances are recommended for zoning of electrical equipment, separation of storage from buildings etc. Distances are also proposed (on the basis of experience) to minimize the escalation or effects on site of fire, explosion, toxic relea.se or similar incident. Selected sources of information are summarized in Table 11.6. A typical example is given in Table 11.8 subject to the requirement of Table 11.7. 

Vertical-Tube Coalescer This is the equipment finally selected to meet the design parameters listed in Table 2. The vertical-tube coalescer (VTC) unit equals the performance of a skimmer in less space or offers improved performance in the same space. The VTC tube packs provide up to five times more coalescing surface than a plate pack. The extra surface gives oil globules more area for coalescence Also, the vertical orientation of the tubes contributes to a more efficient separation. In a plate pack, the rising oil droplets must move perpendicular to the flow of influent. In a VTC pack, the oil droplets arc free to travel upward and to collect on the top surface of the tube bundles. 

After the reactions have occurred in the catalytic crackers, cokers, and alkylation plants, the effluents are separated by fractionation to obtain the various products desired. The materials for the fractionation equipment are selected using basically the same criteria as those used for crude units, as discussed in Chapter One [i.e., carbon steel below 550 to 600°F (288 to 315°C) and 5Cr-V6Mo piping and 12Cr clad vessels above]. However, there are some slight differences from crude units. An example is furnace tubes in delayed cokers, which are usually 9Cr-t Mo (because of the high-fluid temperatures) rather than 5Cr-V Mo. 

In summary, separator selection calls for clear problem definition, in broad terms thorough cataloging of process information and preliminary and tentative equipment selection, followed by refinement of the initial selections through tests on an increasingly larger scale. Reliability, flexibility of operation, and ease of maintenance should be weighed heavily in the final economic evaluation rarely is purchase... 

A SMR is not strictly a single equipment but each module and the whole system offer enhanced performanee in terms of separation, selectivity, and yield [1]. 

Tarleton E.S. and Wakeman R.J., 1991. Solid/Liquid Separation Equipment Simulation Design p -SELECT - Personal computer software for the analysis of filtration and sedimentation test data and the selection of solid/liquid separation equipment. Separations Technology Associates, Loughborough. 

If we consider a well trajectory from surface to total depth (TD) it is sensible to look at the shallow section and the intermediate and reservoir intervals separately. The shallow section, usually referred to as top hole consists of rather unconsolidated sediments, hence the formation strength is low and drilling parameters and equipment have to be selected accordingly. 

First, considerably greater emphasis has been placed on semimicro techniques and their application to preparations, separations, analysis and physical determinations such as those of molecular weight. We have therefore greatly expanded the section on Manipulation on a semi-micro scale which was in the Third Edition, and we have described many more preparations on this scale, some independent and others as alternatives to the larger-scale preparations which immediately precede them. Some 40 separate preparations on the semi-micro scale are described in detail, in addition to specific directions for the preparation of many classes of crystalline derivatives required for identification purposes. The equipment required for these small-scale reactions has been selected on a realistic basis, and care has been taken not to include the very curious pieces of apparatus sometimes suggested as necessary for working on the semi-micro scale. 

Acrylic Acid Recovery. The process flow sheet (Fig. 3) shows equipment and conditions for the separations step. The acryUc acid is extracted from the absorber effluent with a solvent, such as butyl acetate, xylene, diisobutyl ketone, or mixtures, chosen for high selectivity for acryUc acid and low solubihty for water and by-products. The extraction is performed using 5—10 theoretical stages in a tower or centrifiigal extractor (46,61—65). 

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