Equipment pass-through

Covers Pipes, ducts, conveyors, and other equipment pass through holes in floors and walls. The holes may be oversized for installation and maintenance activities. Cover openings to prevent someone from falling through them or items from falling on anyone below. When covers are not in place, there is a need for other forms of protection, such as barriers. 

Currently the value of the worldwide electronic equipment production is 476 bn, and this is forecast to grow at 8.5%-9% pa through the next decade. The USA production accounts for about 38% of that figure, and therefore developments in this market must be significant. 

A fermentation broth contained in a batch-operated stirred-tank fermentor, 2.4m in inside diameter D, is equipped with a paddle-type stirrer of diameter (L) of 0.8 m that rotates at a speed Af = 4s -. The broth temperature is maintained at 30 °C with cooling water at 15°C, which flows through a stainless steel helical coil that has a 50 mm outside diameter and is 5 mm thick. The maximum rate of heat evolution by biochemical reactions, plus dissipation of mechanical energy input by the stirrer, is 51000 kcal h , although the rate varies with time. The physical properties of the broth at 30 °C were density p = 1000 kg m " , viscosity p = 0.013 Pa s, specific heat Cp = 0.90 kcal kg °C , and thermal conductivity K = 0.49 kcal h m °C = 0.000136 kcals m °C . ... 

These new PTFE-PA materials can be processed without any problems on commercial processing equipment like twin-screw extruders and injectionmoulding machines. The specific adjustment of the melt viscosity could be realised through additives (lowering of MFI additive [10,18] increase of MFI acid-terminated oligoamides [9,10]). The new materials combine the good material properties of PTFE and polyamide with the processability of polyamide and are particularly well-suited for wear-resistant maintenance-free bearings. 

The near infrared (NIR) spectra have been obtained with a FTIR Perkin Elmer 2000 spectrometer equipped with a DTGS detector, a tungsten-halogen source and a quartz beamsplitter. The transmission spectra, with a resolution of 2cm are obtained through the pure silica plates placed in a chamber in which the samples may be evacuated (pressure about 10 Pa) and treated by heating until 750°C. 

The middle infrared (MIR) spectra were obtained with FTIR spectrometers (Nicolet 60SX, resolution = 2 cm Perkin Elmer System 2000, resolution 2cm , both the spectrometers equipped with deuterated triglycine sulfate, DTGS, detector), either by transmission through self-supporting silica disks or from diffuse reflectance of silica powder. Silica disks pressed under 50 MPa could be evacuated with a residual pressure under 10 Pa. The spectra are shown in a normalized absorbance scale, according to... 

The equipment used for plasma polymerization, as well as the basic deposition mechanism, is shown in Fig. 1. Although commercial equipment is available, most researchers choose to design and construct their own equipment. AU that is needed is a vacuum chamber with a pump so that a gas or vapour can flow through the chamber and a means for exciting a plasma. Typically, internal electrodes (capacitively coupled plasma) or external coils are used (inductively coupled plasma), as shown in Fig. 1. The power supply can be DC, AC (60 Hz), RF (12.56 MHz), or microwave frequency (2.35 GHz). During deposition the pressure in the chamber is, typically, of the order of 1-20 Pa and powers of 1-100 W are often used. 

Fan LT, Zhang T, Liu J, Seib PA, Friedler F, Bertok B. Price-targeting through repeated flowsheet resynthesis in developing novel processing equipment pervaporation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008 47 1556-61. 

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