High temperature equipment

Accidents. In an industry that has massive equipment, high temperature operations, and many moving objects, the potential for accidents is always present. Safety is taken seriously and is the direct responsibiUty of the plant superintendent. Accidents do occur, although in the United States the rate in the steel industry compares favorably with heavy industry as a whole. 

A linear polymer obtained by radical polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. PTFE has a melting point of 327 °C and outstanding resistance to chemical attacks or disso-lutimi. Its uses include Uners for chemical processing equipment, high-temperature cable insulation, bushings, seals, and nonstick surfaces. 

Ceramics BafTiOj], AI2O3, Zr02, BN. B4C, Si3N4. SiC, TiC Electric/electronic equipment, high temperature applications Aldinger and Weberruss (2010)... 

In order to make a multipurpose plant even more versatile than module IV, equipment for unit operations such as soHd materials handling, high temperature/high pressure reaction, fractional distillation (qv), Hquid—Hquid extraction (see Extraction, liquid-liquid), soHd—Hquid separation, thin-film evaporation (qv), dryiag (qv), size reduction (qv) of soHds, and adsorption (qv) and absorption (qv), maybe iastalled. 

Standard commercial iastmmentation and control devices are used ia fluorine systems. Pressure is measured usiag Bourdon-type gauges or pressure transducers. Stainless steel or Monel constmction is recommended for parts ia contact with fluoriae. Standard thermocouples are used for all fluorine temperature-measuriag equipment, such as the stainless-steel shielded type, iaserted through a threaded compression fitting welded iato the line. For high temperature service, nickel-shielded thermocouples should be used. 

This reaction is discussed extensively in an eadier review (41). In the Huang-Minlon modification of the Wolff-Kishner reaction, a high boiling solvent such as diethylene glycol is used to achieve the required high temperatures (180—210°C) without the use of pressure equipment (42). The base is generally alkaU hydroxide or an alkoxide (43). 

Some quite viscous oils in the 450 650 mm /s are employed for high temperatures. Less viscous oils, down to 25 mm /s and lower at 40°C, are used in special greases for low temperatures. The maximum oil viscosity in a grease for starting medium torque equipment is about 100, 000 mm /s(= cSt) (4). Extrapolations for various oils can be made on viscosity—temperature charts, as shown in Figure 8, to estimate this approximate low temperature limit. 

AH mercury compounds should be stored in amber botties or otherwise protected from light. In manufacture, glass-lined equipment is preferred, although stainless steel may be used. Stainless steel may cause some discoloration at high temperatures if concentrated acetic acid is used. 

Tungsten has Htde effect on recrystallization temperature or the high temperature properties of molybdenum. However, the Mo—30% W alloy is recognized as a standard commercial alloy for stirrers, pipes, and other equipment that is required to be in contact with molten zinc during processing of the metal and in galvanizing and die casting operations. 

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