Epoxides surface coating

NB Daia for the three important ihermosetting materials (phenolics, aminoplastics and epoxide resins) were not covered in the 1998 review on which the 1997 data was based. The 1987 figures for these materials do include a substantial percentage of use in adhesive, surface coating and laminate applications. 

About half of epoxide resin production is used for surface coating applications, with the rest divided approximately equally between electronic applications (particularly for printed circuit boards and encapsulation), the building sector and miscellaneous uses. In tonnage terms consumption of epoxide-fibre laminates is only about one-tenth that of polyester laminates, but in terms of value it is much greater. 

For a number of purposes the unmodified epoxide resins may be considered to have certain disadvantages. These disadvantages include high viscosity, high cost and too great a rigidity for specific applications. The resins are therefore often modified by incorporation of diluents, fillers, and flexibilisers and sometimes, particularly for surface coating applications, blended with other resins. 

Tertiary amines such as benzyldimethylamine, 2-(dimethyl aminoethyl) phenol, etc. form an anion with epoxide which leads to their polymerisation. These are used mainly for adhesives and surface coating applications. 

Slides specifically selected for microarray applications should be used. They are available as ultracleaned (an important consideration) and untreated for those who wish to prepare their own surfaces or they can be purchased with a variety of precoated surface chemistries (e.g., lysine, aldehyde, or epoxide). The densities of reactive groups and surface coating uniformity are difficult to control. Thus, if lot-to-lot slide consistency is most important factor, consider using commercially available slides that are quality controlled. 

Abstract— The use of organosilanes as adhesion promoters for surface coatings, adhesives and syntactic foams is described and reviewed in the light of published work. Data are presented on the beneficial effect of silanes, when used as pretreatment primers and additives, on the bond strength of two pack epoxide and polyurethane paints applied to aluminium and mild steel. It is shown that silanes when used as additives to structural epoxide and polyurethane adhesives are less effective than when used as pretreatment primers on metals but are highly effective on glass substrates. The compressive properties of glass microballoon/epoxide syntactic foams are shown to be markedly improved by the addition of silanes. 

Besides the most important area of surface coatings, the use of photopolymers as photoresists in the manufacture of printed circuits is well established. Photoimaging with aryldiazonium salt photoinitiators and multifunctional cresol-novolac epoxides was first described by Schlesinger Crivello has mentioned several new photoresists based on the photopolymerization of epoxides with onium initiators Meier and Zweifel have shown that iron arene salts in combination with multifunctional cresol-novolac epoxides yield photoresists with high resolution and contrast. Dual functional epoxides (cf. Sect. 5) containing chalcone groups as light-sensitive units have been described as suitable photoresists especially... 

Acid anhydrides are probably second in importance to amine-type curing agents however, polybasic acids have little application as curing agents. However, esterification of epoxides with fatty acids to produce resins for surface coatings has great commercial significance. 

Estabex . [Akzo Akzo Chem. BV] Epoxidized soybean oils or monooctyl ester plasticizer, stabilizer, fungicides for PVC, plastisol, organosol, surface coatings, inks, extruded prods., chlori-... 

Although, in contrast to free radical polymerizations, cationic polymerizations are unaffected by O2, their importance is somewhat limited by the scarcity of appropriate macromolecules and suitable photoinitiators [3]. However, this does not apply to the photopolymerization of low molar mass epoxides (see Section 10.3). In this context, applications of photo-cross-linked epoxides in various fields such as stereolithography, volume holography, and surface coating are notable [16]. 

Other thermoset resins such as epoxides, phenolics and polyurethanes are also used in reinforced form, as are some thermoplastic polymers. Many need to be protected by surface coatings if retention of properties after extended weathering is important. 

Epoxy resins are materials prepared by polymerization in which one monomer contains at least two epoxide groups. Epoxy resins are used as adhesives and insulating surface coatings. 

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