Epithermal neutron activation

Landsberger S, Swift G, and Neuhoff J (1990) Nondestructive determination of arsenic in urine by epithermal neutron activation analysis and Compton suppression. Biol Trace Elem Res 26-27 27-32. 

Wolff, S. R., Liddy, D. J., Newton, G. W. A., Robinson, Y. J., and Smith, R. J. (1986). Classical and Hellenistic black glaze ware in the Mediterranean - a study by epithermal neutron-activation analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 13 245-259. 

Gladney and Perrin [11] used epithermal neutron activation analyses to determine down to 50ppm total bromine in soils. Excellent agreement with recommended values were obtained for a range of Canadian reference soils (Table 12.4). 

Gladney and Perrin [6] used epithermal neutron activation analysis to determine down to 50 ppb bromine in the US Geological Survey Reference Soils GXR-2, GXR-5 and GXR-6, and the Canadian Certified Reference Soils SO-1, SO-2, SG-3 and SO-4. The values reported in Table 6.1 indicate that good agreement was obtained between neutron activation analysis results and recommended values. The relative standard deviation was on the order of 10% over the concentration range 1-15 ppm bromine ... 

Holzbecher J, Ryan DE. 1980. Determination of uranium by thermal- and epithermal-neutron activation in natural waters and in human urine. Anal Chim Acta 119 405-408. 

Landsberger S, Wu D. 1993. Improvement of analytical sensitivities for the determination of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, indium, iodine, molybdenum, silicon and uranium in airborne particulate matter by epithermal neutron activation analysis. J Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 167(2) 291-225. 

Kostadinov, K., Djingova, R., 1980. Trace element investigation of coal samples by thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis. Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett. 45, 297-304. 

ENAA Epithermal neutron activation analysis HPGe High-purity germanium... 

The work of the author on the analysis of Mesoamerican bronze has already been mentioned, but in several other cases the non-destructive or small scale of sampling came into play. Gilmore and Ottaway discuss this point in the work of Thompson and Lutz larger artifacts of bronze were also studied Finally, it should be mentioned that other methods involving neutron reactions have also been used in the study of ancient bronze. For example, Li Hu Ho has published the analysis of a 4000-year old Qi culture bronze mirror Similarly, Gilmore has employed epithermal neutron activation. Glascock et al. have demonstrated the utility of prompt (capture) gamma rays in the non-destructive analysis of copper-based artifacts the method is not however sensitive to trace elements. ... 

Hou, X., Chai, C. Qian, Q. (1997). Determination Of Bromine And Iodine In Biological And Environmental Materials Using Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis. Fresenius Anal Chem, Vol.357, pp 1106-1110, ISSN 1432-1130... 

At energies higher than about 1 eV, the reaction cross sections exhibit huge variations with the incident neutron energy and are called resonances. Up to about 0.1 MeV, however, the differential flux, E), of partially thermalized neutrons is approximately proportional to 1/E. Hence, an analogous expression can be derived for epithermal neutron activation ... 

The NAA technique makes use of the slow neutrons. However, the epithermal and fast neutrons may also be used for the activation. An NAA technique that employs only epithermal neutrons to induce (n, y) reactions by irradiating the samples being analyzed inside either cadmium or boron shields is called epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA). An NAA technique that employs nuclear reactions induced by fast neutrons is called fast neutron activation analysis (FNAA). 

FIGURE 4.5 Gammaray spectrum after excitation by epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) for determination of the uranium content in Nigerian food products. Comparison of the gamma ray spectrum of uranium in normal mode and with Compton suppression. (From Kapsimalis, R. et al., Appl. Radiat. hot., 67, 2097, 2009. With permission.)... 

Akamine, A.U., Silva, M.A.D., Saiki, M. et al. (2007). Determination of uranium in human head hair of a Brazilian populational group by epithermal neutron activation analysis,... 

Kapsimalis, R., Landsberger, S., and Ahmed, Y.A. (2009). The determination of uranium in food samples by Compton epithermal neutron activation analysis, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 67, 2097-2099. 

ENAA epithermal neutron activation analysis FNAA fast-neutron activation analysis FWHM full width at half maximum I beam intensity... 

Erasmus C. S. and Watterson J. I. W. Epithermal-neutron-activation analysis for uranium in Barberton and Bushveld granites. Natn. Inst. Metall.-Rep. no. 1749, 1975, 4 p. 

INAA Discussion of general considerations for epithermal neutron activation Steinnes (1971)... 

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