Epithelial-related markers

Feuerhake, F., Sigg, W., Hofter, E. A., Dimpfl, T., Welsch, U. (2000) Immu-nohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in relation to cell turnover and epithelial differentiation markers in the non-lactating human mammary gland epithelium. Cell Tissue Res. 299,47-58. 

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase and human tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase are two urinary isoenzymes that have ehcited interest as potential segment specific markers of the human nephron [190]. Both are members of the closely related group of alkaline phosphatases. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is the intestinal isoenzyme that is locahzed on the brush border of human intestinal epithelial cells. It is also present in normal human kidney, where it is exclusively expressed on the brush border of tubulo-epithelial cells of the S3-segment of the proximal tubule. The intestinal alkaline phosphatase, which is released in urine, has its origin in the kidney. As a result, intestinal alkaline... 

HMGA2) protein is another intranuclear architectural transcription factor that is also overexpressed in dedifferentiated liposarcoma, more often than CDK4. Such tumors are typically nonreactive for epithelial, Schwann-cell related, and myogenic markers. 

Some epithelial mesotheliomas are composed of small cysts formed by uniform cuboidal mesothelial cells and associated numerous blood vessels (Fig. 12.68). This type of mesothelioma may be difficult to differentiate from a vascular neoplasm. The epithelial mesothelial cells may contain intracytoplasmic hemosiderin (Fig. 12.69). The immunophenotype of such neoplasms is identical to that of other epithelial mesotheliomas. The vascular proliferation may be related to an endothelial growth factor produced by neoplastic mesothelial cells.Adenomatoid tumors are localized benign mesothelial proliferations that most frequently occur in the epididymus and cornua of the uterus.Adenomatoid tumors have been identified in the adrenal gland and pancreas. These tumors are formed by uniform small cuboidal cells and can appear invasive. They express keratin and other markers of mesothelial cells and have the characteristic ultrastruc-tural features of mesothelial cells. Adenomatoid tumors have also been reported in the pleura. Hyperplastic... 

The usual approach to characterization of a vascular tumor is to employ a battery of endothelial-selective markers together with several reagents directed at epithelial and muscle-related determinants. That is because selected endothelial tumors may histologically simulate carcinomas or sarcomas with myogenic differentiation... 

Colorectal cancer Evidence unavailable. 1 RCT reported an adverse effect on the colon following isoflavone-rich soy protein supplementation. Animal studies inconsistent—some show an increase in tumors and markers of carcinogenesis, whereas others show a reduction. Evidence insufficient but cause for concern relating to colonic epithelial proliferation following isoflavones. 

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