Epinephrine interaction

Epinephrine [ep ee NEF rin] is one of five catecholamines—epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, and isoproterenol—commonly used in therapy. The first three catecholamines occur naturally, the latter two are synthetic compounds (see Figure 6.7). Epinephrine is synthesized from tyrosine in the adrenal medulla and released, along with small quantities of norepinephrine, into the blood stream. Epinephrine interacts with both a and p receptors. At low doses, p effects (vasodilation) on the vascular system predominate, whereas at high doses, a effects (vasoconstrictor) are strongest. 

Receptors that interact with G proteins and influence the synthesis of second messengers (See Figure 12.13, and here). Peptide hormones and epinephrine interact with this type of receptor. 

Glucagon or epinephrine interacts with a cellular receptor, whieh sends a signal via a G protein to the membrane-bound enzyme, adenylate cyclase. 

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines which, when released from presynaptic nerve endings, function as neurotransmitters (see here). When released from adrenal medulla in response to low blood glucose levels, epinephrine interacts with second-messenger systems in many tissues, with varied effects. In muscle, epinephrine activates adenylate cyclase, with concomitant activation of glycogenolysis and inhibition of glycogen synthesis. 

Foster CA, Aston SJ. Propranolol-epinephrine interaction a potential disaster. PlastReconstr 5 r (1983) 72,74-8. 

Dunnick, J. K., and Marinetti, G. V., 1971, Hormone action at the membrane level III. Epinephrine interaction with the rat liver plasma membrane, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 249 122. 

Adrenergic. Relating to epinephrine (adrenaline) or norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Commonly used to describe neurons that utilize norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and the drugs that interact with these neurons. 

BR Beitch, I Beitch, JA Zadunaisky. (1975). The stimulation of chloride transport by prostaglandins and their interaction with epinephrine, theophylline and cyclic AMP in the comeal epithelium. J Membr Biol 19 381-396. 

The CL enhancement of the lucigenin reaction with catecholamines in the presence of HTAH micelles was used for determination of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine [42], However, the presence of an anionic surfactant, SDS, inhibits the CL of the system. The aforementioned CL enhancement in the presence of HTAH can be explained in the following way the deprotonated forms of the catecholamines are expected to be the principal species present in aqueous alkaline solution due to the dissociation of the catechol hydroxyl groups, and to react with lucigenin to produce CL. The anionic form of the catecholamines and the hydroxide ion interact electrostatically with and bond to the cationic micelle, to which the lucigenin also bonds. Therefore, the effective concentration of the... 

The answers are 25-e, 26-b, 27-a. (Hardmanr pp 67—68. Katzung, pp 30, 134.) Anaphylaxis refers to an acute hypersensitivity reaction that appears to be mediated primarily by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Specific antigens can interact with these antibodies and cause sensitized mast cells to release vasoactive substances, such as histamine. Anaphylaxis to penicillin is one of the best-known examples the drug of choice to relieve the symptoms is epinephrine. 

Numerous site-directed mutagenesis studies have provided a conclusive picture for the molecular interactions between the receptor-activating biogenic amines (e.g. serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine) and their receptors [23-27] a highly conserved aspartate residue in transmembrane (TM) helix TM3 (Asp 3.32 according to the Ballosteros-Weinstein nomenclature) [28], conserved serine residues in TM5 (e.g. 

Fe (quaterpy)(OH)2] anchored to poly-L-glutamate or to poly-D-glutamate acts as a catalyst for the oxidation of epinephrine by H202. [Fe(quaterpy)X2] interacts with bio-substrates. [(H20)(quaterpy)Fe —O—Fe (quaterpy)(H20)] + has been prepared as the dihydrate of its perchlorate salt. " ... 

Drug/Lab test interactions Isoproterenol causes false elevations of bilirubin as measured in vitro by a sequential multiple analyzer. Isoproterenol inhalation may result in enough absorption of the drug to produce elevated urinary epinephrine values. Although small with standard doses, the effect is likely to increase with larger doses. 

Drugs that may interact with antipsychotics include alcohol, CNS depressants, antihypertensive agents, dopamine, epinephrine, and charcoal. 

Drugs metabolized by COMT Administer drugs known to be metabolized by COMT (ie, isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, methyidopa, apomorphine, isoetherine, bitolterol) with caution in patients receiving entacapone regardless of the route of administration (including inhalation), as their interaction may result in increased heart rates, arrhythmias, and excessive changes in blood pressure. 

Consider interactions that occur with systemic use of epinephrine, including beta blockers and chymotrypsin. 

---