Enzymes pilling

B. Bossow, W. Berke, C. Wandrey in Process Technical Aspects of the Immobilisation of Enzymes and Whole Cells, pill, GVC VDl-Gesell-schaft Vcrfahrcnstechnik und Chemieingenieur-wesen, Heidelberg 1988. 

The term induction has evolved to include any mechanism that results in increased tissue concentration of catalytically active protein involved in drug metabolism. This increased enzyme activity results in greater systemic clearance and lower bioavailability of extensively metabolized drugs. The resulting lower drug concentrations often result in therapeutic failure. For example, it is well known that oral contraceptive pills become ineffective when rifampin is coprescribed. 

Fosamprenavir is a prodrug of amprenavir that is rapidly hydrolyzed by enzymes in the intestinal epithelium. Because of its significantly lower daily pill burden, fosamprenavir tablets have replaced amprenavir capsules for adults. Fosamprenavir is most often administered in combination with low-dose ritonavir. 

All of this is just what we needed — something else to worry about. It s enough to make your blood pressure rise. But of course there are pills for that, too. How do you take them If you want to play it safe, don t wash them down with grapefruit juice. Here we go with those pesky cytochrome enzymes again. 

Another type of diet pill received FDA approval in 1999. Orlistat, sold under the name of Xenical, was a lipase inhibitor. It affects the body s lipase enzyme and blocks about 30% of fat absorbed by the body. 

Carbidopa is often coadministered with L-dopa to reduce the amount of l-dopa converted to dopamine in the periphery. Carbidopa thereby increases l-dopa s effectiveness and reduces its associated side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. This compound blocks the action of the enzyme dopa-decarboxylase, which converts L-dopa into dopamine. Controlled-release Sinemet is a combination of L-dopa and carbidopa, with an extended half-life of immediate-acting combination products, producing an increased duration of effect. A combination of immediate-acting and controlled-release L-dopa and carbidopa is often used. In a number of patients, administration of the controlled-release pill only results in an insufficient conversion of central dopamine (93). The most common side effects associated with the administration of l-... 

A third approach to reducing pilling tendency is applicable to 100 % cotton fabrics. As described in Chapter 17 on enzymatic finishes the use of cellulase enzymes during wet processing can remove enough of the loose fibres in the yams so that pilling is greatly reduced. 

Donning your safety glasses, make up two solutions of just less than a quarter of a teaspoon of cornstarch (1 milliliter) in one cup (240 milliliters) of water. Crush a tablet of a digestive aid that is meant to be taken before meals to reduce intestinal gas. These pills should contain the enzyme alpha-galactosidase, which will digest starch. Check the label to make sure. Add the crushed tablet to one of the cups of cornstarch solution. Let the glasses sit for about an hour and then add a drop of iodine tincture iodine to each. Iodine is a well-known indicator for starch because iodine forms a lovely blue-colored complex with starch. The solution without the enzyme will turn a violet-blue color, indicating the presence of starch. The solution to which the enzyme was added should remain the brown color of the iodine tincture. If there is a blue color, it will be much weaker. This demonstrates that the starch has been broken down. 

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