Enzyme manufacturing solubility differences

Immobilization is the method of cultivation of microorganisms that allows a repeated use of biocatalysts (be it enzyme or whole cells), creating prerequisites for the production of valuable products in an automated continuous mode. The most considerable problem in using biocatalysts is related to mass transfer. In aerobic systems, low solubility of oxygen in carriers, especially in some gels and polymers, can decrease the effectiveness of biocatalyst action. In this respect, propionic acid bacteria, which do not require aeration, show certain advantages over aerobic cultures. At present, about eight different processes that use immobilized enzymes and cells have found industrial applications. These are mainly one-or two-step processes used in the manufacture of foods and pharmaceutical preparations (Vorobjeva et al, 1978). An essential characteristic of a biocatalyst is productivity. 

Molasses is the thick brownish syrup by-product of the manufacture of cane or beet sugar from which part of the crystallizable sugar has been removed. However, molasses is also the by-product of several other industries. Citrus molasses is produced from the juice of citrus wastes. Wood molasses is a by-product of the manufacture of paper, fiber-board, and pure cellulose from wood it is an extract from the more soluble carbohydrates and minerals of the wood material. Starch molasses, Hydrol, is a by-product of the manufacture of dextrose (glucose) from starch derived from corn or grain sorghums in which the starch is hydrolyzed by use of enzymes and/or acid. Cane molasses and beet molasses are, by far, the most extensively used types of molasses. The different types of molasses are available in both liquid and dehydrated forms. 

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