Environmental residues arsenic

Concerning anthropogenic sources, methyl arsenic compounds such as methyl arsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid have been used as herbicides, and were once a significant source of environmental residues. Dimethyl-arsinic acid (Agent Blue) was used as a defoliant during the Vietnam War. 

Zinc smelters use x-ray fluorescence spectrometry to analyze for zinc and many other metals in concentrates, calcines, residues, and trace elements precipitated from solution, such as arsenic, antimony, selenium, tellurium, and tin. X-ray analysis is also used for quaUtative and semiquantitative analysis. Electrolytic smelters rely heavily on AAS and polarography for solutions, residues, and environmental samples. 

Helsen, L. and Van den Bulck, E. (2003) Metal retention in the solid residue after low-temperature pyrolysis of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood. Environmental Engineering Science, 20(6), 569-80. 

Yokel, J. and Delistraty, D.A. (2003) Arsenic, lead, and other trace elements in soils contaminated with pesticide residues at the Hanford site USA. Environmental Toxicology, 18(2), 104-14. 

Ghosh, A., Mukiibi, M., Sac/, A.E. and Ela, W.P. (2006) Leaching of arsenic from granular ferric hydroxide residuals under mature landfill conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(19), 6070-75. 

For many years, botanical insecticides have been a mainstay in the arsenal of organic pest control products. As a group, botanicals share one advantage over synthetic chemical pesticides They usually break down within a few days after they are applied. This means that beneficial species are at risk for only a relatively short period. There s also less likelihood of long-term environmental contamination. Plus, botanicals are less likely to persist os residues on harvested food. 

G. Klamp and D. Wanner, Removal of Arsenic from Washing Acid by the Sachtleben-Lurgi Process, in Residues and Effluents Processing and Environmental Considerations, R. G. Reddy, W. P. Imrie, and P. B. Queneau (eds.), TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1992, pp. 833-837. 

Many environmental problems in water result from chemical species that are present in only trace quantities. Consequently, chemical analysis and detection have made major contributions to discovering and understanding these problems. Examples include the problems of bioaccumulation of certain chemicals, persistent organic pollutants, pesticide residues, and the health effects of arsenic and lead as well as other trace metals. 

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