Environmental Protection Agency Challenge

HPV Challenge Program, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA, latest version. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (2008) The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Recipients, 1996-2008, June 2008. 

Drinking Water Pilot Study, Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (NATO/CCMS) Bellack E. Cotruvo, J. A., Eds. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC, 1982. 

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION, COMMITTEE ON THE CHALLENGES of MODERN SOCIETY. International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF) method of risk assessment for complex mixtures of dioxins and related compounds. Pilot study on international information exchange on dioxins and related compounds . CCMS Report Number 176, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., 1988. 

US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. N.d. High production volume (HPV) challenge. http //www.epa.gov/chemrtk/ (accessed January 8, 2008). 

The dimensions of the brownfields challenge in the United States are staggering. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) estimates that between 500,000 and a million brownfield sites exist nationally, and that the cost for cleaning them up will exceed 650 billion [US General Accounting Office (US GAO), 1995]. Cities across the country estimate that they could create more than 550,000 jobs—and recover 2.4 billion in tax revenue—if these properties were redeveloped (US Conference of Mayors, 2000). Despite this promise, many communities have discovered that redevelopment of brownfields is challenging and requires creative approaches and flexibility to succeed. 

In 1980 additional regulations imposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required control of NOx (NO, N02, N20) emissions. Its removal coupled with the continuing need to remove CO and CyHn proved to be quite challenging because the latter had to be oxidized and the former reduced. Thus it appeared two separate environments were needed. This problem was solved by the development of the three-way catalyst or TWC capable of catalyzing the conversion of all three pollutants simultaneously provided the exhaust environment could be held within a narrow air-to-fuel range. This is shown in Fig. 7.10. 

For classes of pesticides that cause their toxic effects through a common mechanism of toxicity, the non-occupational exposures to all members of the class have to be aggregated and used in a cumulative risk assessment. In 2003, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) published a framework outlining how cumulative risk assessments should be conducted. There is no question that this approach has provided significant challenges to toxicologists, exposure assessors and risk assessors. Much of the developmental work on how to conduct... 

US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) (2003). Phosgene USEPA HPV challenge program test plan submission. EPA/201-14578A. Washington DC. 

The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Recipients 1996-2008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Green Chemistry Web Site. http //www.epa.gov/gcc/pubs/docs/award recipients 1996 2008.pdf (accessed Jun 12,2008), EPA document 744F08008, June 2008. 

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