Environmental controls, superior

Jai Tire has patented a process that, upon a dding cmmb mbber to sod, improves turf by providing aeration and reducing compaction (49). Superior Environmental Products, Inc. has developed a material that contains 40% of scrap tire mbber. The material can control chemical, od, and gasoline spills... 

Synthetic-based muds are mineral oil muds in which the oil phase has been replaced with a synthetic fluid, such as ether, ester, PAO, or linear alkylbenzene, and are available from major mud companies. The mud selection process is based on the mud s technical performance, environmental impact, and financial impact. Synthetic muds are expensive. Two factors influence the direct cost unit or per-barrel cost and mud losses. Synthetic muds are the technical equivalent of oil-based muds when drilling intermediate hole sections. They are technically superior to all water-based systems when drilling reactive shales in directional wells. However, with efficient solids-control equipment, optimized drilling, and good housekeeping practices, the cost of the synthetic mud can be brought to a level comparable with oil-based mud [1308]. 

The literature on regulation is very extensive. New Deal activism in the areas of monopoly and antitrust and the explosion of health, safety, and environmental regulations during the 1965-1975 period led to increased scrutiny by academics and policy research organizations. I do not review this literature here because many competent reviews already exist. Instead, I examine only the role that com-mand-and-control bureaucracies can play in the acquisition of information, the use of that information to set conduct standards, and the alleged superiority of bureaucracies (relative to courts or markets) in doing both. 

Wet bulk micromachining is restricted to very specific crystallographic orientations, obviously not offering freedom to create any desired shape in the wafer plane, i.e. the x-y plane. There are strong incentives to move away from wet etchants, as environmental concerns about their disposal have grown and demands for improved process control on finer features have increased. In dry bulk micromachining, one can freely create any desired shape in the x-y plane with large dimensions perpendicular to the wafer, i.e. in the z direction in mechanically superior crystalline materials. 

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