Entanglement proton / neutron

These NCS experiments [Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 1997 (a) Chatzidimi-triou-Dreismann 1999 Karlsson 1999], which were motivated by the theoretical work of C. A. Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann [Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 1991 Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 1997 (b)] on protonic quantum entanglement in condensed systems and by the results of a an earlier Raman experiment on liquid H O / D O mixtures [Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 1995], were followed by a series of other experiments on liquid and solid organic materials [Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2000 (b) Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2001 Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2002 (a)], various metallic hydrides [Abdul-Redah 2000 Karlsson 2002 (b) Karlsson 2003 (b)], liquid hydrogen [Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2004 (b)] and among others an ionic solid [Abdul-Redah 2004] using the same experimental technique, i.e., neutron Compton scattering. All these experiments confirmed the anomalous results found earlier and also revealed certain new aspects of the considered effect. 

In addition to the papers presenting the results of the various experimental techniques (e.g., NCS, ECS, elastic neutron scattering, IXS, etc.) applied to investigate protonic quantum entanglement in condensed matter, there are also papers in this part aiming at the theoretical interpretation of the experimental results. Although the theoretical models presented are different from each... 

This surprising effect has no explanation within conventional theories of elementary chemical reactions and / or neutron (and electron) scattering theory. It is attributed to very short, attosecond entanglement of a scattering proton with adjacent particles, which can be studied by NCS (and ECS) due to the very short scattering time (i.e., the characteristic time window) of these experimental methods. To date there exist various theoretical models describing this new effect [Karlsson 2000 Karlsson 2002 (c) Karlsson 2003 (a) Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2003 (b) Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann 2004 (a)]. 

Distances between scatterers of (0.60 0.06) A estimated from the interference fringes do not correspond to any visible distance between protons in the crystal structure. However, they correspond closely to distances between projections of proton positions onto directions corresponding to normal coordinates (namely, x, y or z as shown in Fig. 1). It appears that neutrons are scattered coherently by lines of protons quite visible in the crystal structure (see Fig. 17). The elastic scattering function presented in Fig. 16 corresponds to a double-quantum-slits experiment. The interference fringes are quite different from those observed for neutrons scattered by double-classical-slits [Zeilinger 1988]. It can be concluded that quantum entanglement is not limited to single pairs. 

Einstein statistics and collective dynamics are represented with phonons totally decoupled from the lattice. The ground states can be represented as 2Ag + Bg + 2Au + Bu symmetry species [Lucazeau 1973], The g and u species correspond to collective oscillations of the singlet and triplet states, respectively. The ground state must be regarded as a superposition of coherent states of protons fully entangled with respect to spins and positions. This long-range quantum coherence can be probed with neutron diffraction. 

Abstract We present preliminary experimental results of inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) on molecular vibrations of liquid H2O, DoO and the equimolar H>0 - D >0 mixture. The data analysis indicates the presence of an anomalous shortfall of scattering intensity from the O//-stretching vibrational modes. This effect has no explanation within the frame of conventional X-ray scattering theory. The possible connection of these observations with recent results of neutron and electron Compton scattering from protons in condensed matter is mentioned, as well as their interpretation in terms of attosecond entanglement. 

As pointed out already in this chapter, the basic reason for the specific phenomena discussed above is the neutron-proton or neutron-deuteron entanglement, which itself is a natural consequence of the interaction of the particles during scattering. Neutron Compton scattering has a time window short enough for these entanglement effects to be observed. 

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