Enhanced Machine Controller

Signal-flow graphs are particularly useful in two respects. First, they make the process designer examine in considerable detail the dynamic structure and fimctioning of the process. Second, the nature of the interface between person and machine can be seen more clearly. The variables that are displayed in a system are, of course, available for study, but workers frequently respond to derivative functions of variables or "hidden" variables that must be deduced. Given that the process variables to be displayed will influence the worker s control strategy and that the number of deductions to be made will affect the mental workload involved, a process designer can select the type and amoimt of process information which will enhance performance of the task. 

Over the years the performance standards of hydraulic equipment have risen. Whereas a pressure of about 1000 psi used to be adequate for industrial hydraulic systems, nowadays systems operating with pressures of 2000-3500psi are common. Pressures above 5000psi are to be found in applications such as large presses for which suitable high-pressure pumps have been developed. Additionally, systems have to provide increased power densities, more accurate response, better reliability and increased safety. Their use in numerically controlled machine tools and other advanced control systems creates the need for enhanced filtration. Full flow filters as fine as 1-10 micron retention capabilities are now to be found in many hydraulic systems. 

There are only a few commercial uses for europium. Europium oxide, (Eu O ), a compound of europium, is added to infra-sensitive phosphors to enhance the red colors on TV and computer-monitor picture tubes. It is also added to fluorescent light tubes to increase their efflciency, as well as to some materials to make lasers. Since it is a good neutron absorber, it is part of nuclear reactor control rods. Europium is an additive to the glue used on postage stamps, thus making it possible for the electronic sorting machines in U.S. postal offices to read the stamps. 

A winding machine is typically equipped with computer control, and its programming is done offline. Winding pattern programs are often provided that interface with CAD programs and finite element analysis code. Such tools greatly enhance the process of concurrent engineering. Moreover, computer control allows the precise placement of the fiber on the part such that gap/overlap is minimized and the fiber orientation is controlled precisely. The... 

Power fail-safe/automatic restart In the event that power to the computer is lost, this option senses the power failure and executes a prespecified set of instructions before the machine becomes inoperable. These instructions may transfer control of the process from the digital computer to another back up control system and/or save information necessary for an orderly and automatic restart of the control programs when electrical power has been restored to the computer. This option enhances the safety of computer-controlled processes. 

---