Engineering founder societies

Among the first national engineering societies established in the United States, AIME, ASCE, and AIChE are known as Engineering Founder Societies of the United Engineering Foundation, Inc., and collectively encompass a total worldwide membership of 350,000 engineers. 

The most prominent of the professional engineering organizations are five of the oldest and largest groups known as the founder societies ... 

The founder societies have a combined membership of more than 500,000, including an undetermined number of duplicate memberships. The founding date and headquarters address of the founder societies and other prominent engineering organizations are given in Table 3.1. 

Ronald E. Hester is Professor of Chemistry in the University of York. He was for short periods a research fellow in Cambridge and an assistant professor at Cornell before being appointed to a lectureship in chemistry in York in 1965. He has been a full professor in York since 1983. His more than 300 publications are mainly in the area of vibrational spectroscopy, latterly focusing on time-resolved studies of photoreaction intermediates and on biomolecular systems in solution. He is active in environmental chemistry and is a founder member and former chairman of the Environment Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry and editor of Industry and the Environment in Perspective (RSC, 1983) and Understanding Our Environment (RSC, 1986). As a member of the Council of the UK Science and Engineering Research Council and several of its sub-committees, panels and boards, he has been heavily involved in national science policy and administration. He was, from 1991-93, a member of the UK Department of the Environment Advisory Committee on Hazardous Substances and is currently a member of the Publications and Information Board of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 

One of the founders of applied chemistry and faculty of engineering of Japan. President of Tokyo Gas Company. President of Chemical Society of Japan and Japan Society for Applied Chemistry Study of applied chemistry. Originator for the production of soda industry in Japan and the development of other chemical industries... 

Orton, Edward, Jr. was born in 1863 in Chester, New York. He studied mining engineering at Ohio State University (OSU). He was the founder of the ceramic engineering program at OSU in 1894 and a founder of the American Ceramic Society. He died in 1932. 

Ratner has won numerous awards. A partial list includes the Medard W. Welch Award of the American Vacuum Society (2002), Founders Award of the Society for Biomaterials (2004), C. William Hall Award from the Society for Biomaterials (2006), the BMES Pritzker Distinguished Lecturer Award (2008), the Acta Biomaterialia gold medal (2009), the University of Washington Faculty Lecture (2011) and the Pierre Galletti Award from the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (2011). 

Research on the constituents of the ephedrae herba was advanced in the Meiji era (1868-1912) by MototadaYamashina, an assistant engineer of the Tokyo sanitation laboratory, and a crystalline component isolated from this plant material was reported in 1885 by Nagayoshi Nagai (1845-1929), the founder of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. However, Yamashina died suddenly, unfortunately Thus, the first report of the existence of ephedrine was at the Meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society ofjapan on July 17,1885. The isolation of ephedrine as a crystalline form was achieved by Yuzo Hori, of the same laboratory as Yamashina, in 1887 [1]. However, it was not until 1892 that the first report of ephedrine appeared in the literature [2-5]. 

That the early NCV was not a well-balanced representation of the Dutch community of chemical practitioners as a whole is also shown clearly when we look at the schools and universities where the founding members of the society had studied. Institutions that the founders of the society came from were overrepresented Delft, Amsterdam and Utrecht accounted for more than 80% of the members whose (Dutch) educational background is known (in this calculation I excluded the foreign universities because almost all those who studied abroad also studied at one of the Dutch institutions). Rutten (Delft), Jorissen and Reicher (Amsterdam) and the first president of the society, Cohen (Utrecht), who had studied in Amsterdam, obviously had used their personal networks to recruit members into the new society. As a result, the early NCV was dominated by chemical engineers from Delft and chemists that came from the Amsterdam school of van t Hoff - to which Jorissen, Reicher and Cohen belonged. Organic chemists from the Leiden school of Franchimont were clearly under-represented. 

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