Engineered metabolic pathways

Hur H-G, M Sadowsky, LP Wackett (1994) Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786pHG-2 via an engineered metabolic pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4148-4154. 

In Fig. 5, the biosynthetic pathways for the production of PHA with novel composition of hydroxyalkanoates and the enzymes involved are shown. The level of metabolic intermediates, which is determined by the cellular metabolic activities, is important for the synthesis of a desired PHA. Having the engineered metabolic pathways at hand, PHA synthase plays an important role affecting the composition of PHAs, because of substrate specificity of PHA synthase. 

Recombinant Escherichia coli strains harboring the heterologous PHA biosynthesis genes have been shown to be suitable for the high-level production of PHAs. In addition, several engineered metabolic pathways for the synthesis of various RHAs have recently been established in recombinant E. coli (16-18). 

Lee S, Kim B, Park K, Um Y, Lee J. (2012a). Synthesis of pure meso-2,3-butanediol from cmde glycerol using an engineered metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 166, 1811—1813. 

There are different tactics in the metabolic engineering of heterotrophic microbes for butanol and isobutanol production. Even though new methods are being examined intensively, engineered metabolic pathways for production of butanol can be classified in three groups ... 

Fig. 2 Engineered metabolic pathways for synthesis of butanol and isobutanol...

Xu P et al (2012) ePathBiick a synthetic biology platfOTin for engineering metabolic pathways in E. coli. ACS Synth Biol l(7) 256-266... 

FIGURE 23.5 Engineered metabolic pathway for the synthesis of butanol (Kamm, 2015). 

The chemical engineering approach began with an analysis of the biochemistry of platelet metabolism. Like many cells, platelets consume glucose by two pathways, an oxidative pathway and an anaerobic pathway. The oxidative pathway produces carbon dioxide, which makes the solution containing the platelets more acidic (lower pH) and promotes anaerobic metabolism. This second metabolic pathway produces large amounts of lactic acid, further lowering pH. The drop in pH from both pathways kills the platelets. 

Steinbuchel, A. and Lutke-Eversloh, T. 2003. Metabolic engineering and pathway construction for biotechnological production of relevant polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms. Biochemical Engineering Journal 16 81-96. 

Kennedy, J., Murli, S. and Kealey, J.T. (2003) 6-Deoxyerythronolide B analogue production in Escherichia coli through metabolic pathway engineering. Biochemistry, 42, 14342. 

Mutka, S.C., Bondi, S.M., Carney, J.R. et al. (2006) Metabolic pathway engineering for complex polyketide biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Research, 6, 4047. 

Metabolic diseases, liquid crystal accumulations and, 15 112-113 Metabolic engineering, 12 412-413 Metabolic functions, of vitamin A, 25 787-789 Metabolic pathways, as target of antibiotics, 3 24... 

Apart from the chemical technology developments mentioned above, metabolic pathway and flux engineering will have an increasing impact on the way multi-step organic syntheses are carried out in the fine-chemicals industry. For the next generation of microbial conversions, the challenge of molecular biology is to ... 

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