Energy transfer, plasma-surface interactions

Indeed, most of the applications of laser-plasmas rely on the efficient production of energetic electrons driven by the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with plasmas created from solids or gases. In fact, in these interaction conditions, laser energy is efficiently transferred to electrons generating a population of so-called fast or hot electrons. The process of fast electron generation often takes place near the critical density (the density at which the laser frequency iv0 equals the local plasma frequency wpe) surface [8, 9]... 

With DART, an electric potential is applied to a gas forming a high-energy plasma containing ions, electrons, and excited-state (metastable) atoms and molecules. This plasma interacts with the sample, causing desorption and ionization of compounds. Some ionization of analytes may occur via proton transfer as the plasma produces ionized water species. In DESI, a charged solvent spray hits the sample surface. Large molecules are desorbed... 

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