Energy transfer applications

Jovin, T. and Arndt-Jovin, D. (1989). FRET microscopy Digital imaging of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Application in cell biology. In Cell Structure and Function by Microspectrofluorometry (Kohen, E., JG, H. and Ploem, J., eds.). Academic Press, London, pp. 99-117. 

Contents Analogies and Differences Between Monatomic Entities and Condensed Matter. -Rare-Earth Lasers. - Chemical Bonding and Lanthanide Spectra. - Energy Transfer. - Applications and Suggestions. 

The goals of this review are to provide the reader with an outline of the background information needed to understand the current Uterature in this field, a summary of the properties of important materials systems which have been investigated, and a list of references to consult for further details on specific topics. In the following section the basic theories of energy transfer applicable to the processes and materials of interest are outlined. The third section describes the methods generally used... 

Rogers JMG, Lippert LG, Gai F (2010) Non-natural amino acid fluorophores for one- and two-step fluorescence resonance energy transfer applications. Anal. Biochem. 399 182-9... 

Multichromophoric Systems Tailored for Energy Transfer Applications. 63... 

With this convention, we can now classify energy transfer processes either as resonant, if IA defined in equation (A3.13.81 is small, or non-resonant, if it is large. Quite generally the rate of resonant processes can approach or even exceed the Leimard-Jones collision frequency (the latter is possible if other long-range potentials are actually applicable, such as by pennanent dipole-dipole interaction). 

Venkatesh P K, Dean A M, Cohen M H and Carr R W 1999 Master equation analysis of intermolecular energy transfer in multiple-well, multiple-channel unimolecular reactions. II. Numerical methods and application to the mechanism of the C. + O2 reaction J. Chem. Phys. Ill 8313... 

Sharma R D and Brau C A 1969 Energy transfer in near-resonant molecular collisions due to long-range forces with application to transfer of vibrational energy from the mode of CO2 to N2 J. Chem. Phys. 50 924-30... 

More recently Andrews and Juzeliunas [6, 7] developed a unified tlieory that embraces botli radiationless (Forster) and long-range radiative energy transfer. In otlier words tliis tlieory is valid over tire whole span of distances ranging from tliose which characterize molecular stmcture (nanometres) up to cosmic distances. It also addresses tire intennediate range where neitlier tire radiative nor tire Forster mechanism is fully valid. Below is tlieir expression for tire rate of pairwise energy transfer w from donor to acceptor, applicable to transfer in systems where tire donor and acceptor are embedded in a transparent medium of refractive index ... 

Gnanakaran S, Haran R, Kumble R and Hochstrasser R M 1999 Energy transfer and localization application to photosynthetic systems Resonance Energy Transfer ed D L Andrews and A A Demidov (New York Wiley) pp 308-65... 

Seilmeier A and Kaiser W 1988 Ultrashort intramoleoular and intermoleoular vibrational energy transfer of polyatomio moleoules in liquids Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Applications (Topics in Applied Physics 60) ed W Kaiser (Berlin Springer) pp 279-315... 

Gerber, R.B., Buch, V., Ratner, M.A. Time-dependent self-consistent field approximation for intramolecular energy transfer. I. Formulation and application to dissociation of van der Waals molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 77 (1982) 3022-3030. 

The photochemistry of carbonyl compounds has been extensively studied, both in solution and in the gas phase. It is not surprising that there are major differences between the photochemical reactions in the two phases. In the gas phase, the energy transferred by excitation cannot be lost rapidly by collision, whereas in the liquid phase the excess energy is rapidly transferred to the solvent or to other components of the solution. Solution photochemistry will be emphasized here, since both mechanistic study and preparative applications of organic reactions usually involve solution processes. 

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the analysis of systems involving fluid flow, energy transfer, and associated phenomena such as combustion and chemical reactions by means of computer-based simulation. CFD codes numerically solve the mass-continuity equation over a specific domain set by the user. The technique is very powerful and covers a wide range of industrial applications. Examples in the field of chemical engineering are ... 

Because of the great importance of phosphorus and its compounds in the chemical industry, several books and reviews on their preparation and uses are available.Some of these applications reflect the fact that P is a vital element for the growth and development of all plants and animals and is therefore an important constituent in many fertilizers. Phosphorus compounds are involved in energy transfer... 

Lamola, A. A. (1969). Electronic energy transfer in solutions theory and application. In Leermakers, P. A., and Weissberger, A. (eds.), Energy Transfer and Organic Photochemistry, Technique of Organic Chemistry 14 17-132. Interscience Publishers, New York. 

This chapter introduces the first law of thermodynamics and its applications in three main parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of thermodynamics and the experimental basis of the first law. The second part introduces enthalpy as a measure of the energy transferred as heat during physical changes at constant pressure. The third part shows how the concept of enthalpy is applied to a variety of chemical changes, an important aspect of bioenergetics, the use of energy in biological systems. 

In this derivation a, the charge transfer cross-section is assumed to remain constant within the energy range applicable. Equation 3 describes the energy distribution of the ions at the cathode, and its general form has been substantiated experimentally (2). 

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