Energy hydrophobic

Retardation of the rate of penetration is necessary for many products and this can be brought about by the creation of a low energy, hydrophobic surface at the fibre-water interface which increases the contact angle formed between the drop of liquid and the surface. This important change can be achieved chemically in the process known as sizing which is discussed more fully in Chapter 7. 

Tuppurainen, K., Frontier orbital energies, hydrophobicity and steric factors as physical QSAR descriptors of molecular mutagenicity. A review with a case study MX compounds, Chemosphere, 38, 3015-3030, 1999. 

Tiippurainen, K. (1999b). Frontier Orbital Energies, Hydrophobicity and Steric Factors as Physical QSAR Descriptors of Molecular Mutagenicity. A Review with a Case Study MX Compounds. Chemosphere, 38, 3015-3030. 

It is known that, in a polymer blend, thermodynamic incompatibility between polymers usually causes demixing of polymers. If the polymer is equilibrated in air, the polymer with the lowest surface energy (hydrophobic polymer) will concentrate at the air interface and reduce the system s interfacial tension as a consequence. The preferential adsorption of a polymer of lower surface tension at the surface was confirmed by a number of researchers for a miscible blend of two different polymers. Based on this concept, surface modifying macromolecules (SMMs) as surface-active additives were synthesized and blended into polymer solutions of polyethersulfone (PES). Depending on the hydro-phobic or hydrophilic nature of the SMM, the membrane surface becomes either more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic than the base polymeric material. ... 

Interaction parameters for mixed monolayer formation at the aqueous solution-solid interface ((3 L) can also be evaluated (Rosen, 1987), in the case where the solid has a low-energy (hydrophobic) surface, by equations analogous to 11.1 and... 

Silicone elastomers, with their low surface energies, hydrophobicities, as well as chemical and thermal stabilities, are widely used throughout the medical device industry (for component fabrication) and in pharmaceutical applications (tubings for fluid-handling), as a hybrid material (in catheter applications), and as implants. 

Surface chemistry is very important for the physiological interactions with biomaterials and it is closely related to surface energy (hydrophobicity) the surface free energy of a material originates from its surface functional groups and electrical charges. The material s surface chemistry mediates cell response given that surface... 

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