Energy efficiency car

The reference scenario emissions in the figure (the dotted bold curve, left axis) are expected to decline due to a higher market share of energy efficient cars (particularly diesel) as fuel prices increase. The active scenario shows the emissions that would result from introducing hydrogen and fuel cell cars (bold curve, left axis). The slim curve refers to the right axis and shows the deviation of the active from the reference scenario in percent. 

Energy is used to build a car, and energy is u.sed to run it. Rising oil prices mean that, since about 1980, the cost of the petrol consumed during the average life of a car is comparable with the cost of the car itself. Consumers, therefore, now want more fuel-efficient cars, and more fuel-efficient cars pollute less. 

The average American home is responsible for more annual pollution than the average car. This often comes as a surprise because the pollution attributed to homes is produced miles away at a power plant or out-of-sight from roof exhaust flues. However, eveiy time someone flips a switch, activates the air conditioning, or takes a shower, pollution is being produced. There will be growing appreciation for energy efficient homes that help prevent pollution. 

The utilization principles are shown in Figure 6, where the typical examples are enumerated. Hydrogen turbine has been studied by Japanese WE-NET project and the achieved energy efficiency was as high as about 60 %, which can be competitive with fuel cell system. One of the typical direct energy conversion systems, which have no movable parts and no noise, is fuel cell. Today topics of clean cars have been focused to the cars with PEMFC as was mentioned previously. 

Many studies assume improvements in the gas mileage of cars and efficiency in the production of energy in power plants, in industrial applications and in home heating, lighting and other sectors. U.S. manufacturers could improve the average energy efficiency of cars and trucks. But, as America s fleet of older vehicles is replaced with newer cars with less pollution, C02 emissions may change very little or even increase since additional miles may be driven. 

When you think about energy efficiency, what comes to mind You may think about taking the stairs instead of the elevator, choosing to drive a small car instead of a sport utility vehicle, or turning off lights when you are not using them. What, however, does efficiency really mean How do you quantify it ... 

Today s mid-sized passenger cars are about 15 to 18 % "well-to-wheels" energy efficient as indicated in Figure 9-3. Despite the increased vehicle efficiency of a methanol... 

Figure 4.3 Influence of weight and shape on the energy needed to run an electric efficient car.

Walla, P. J., Linden, P. A., Ohta, K., and Eleming, G. R. 2002. Excited-state kinetics of the carotenoid S-1 state in LHC n and two-photon excitation spectra of Intein and beta-carotene in solution Efficient car S-1 -> Chi electronic energy transfer via hot S-1 states J. Phys. Chem. A 106 1909-16. 

Carbon Composites. Cermet friction materials tend to be heavy, thus making the brake system less energy-efficient. Compared with cermets, carbon (or graphite) is a thermally stable material of low density and reasonably high specific heat. A combination of these properties makes carbon attractive as a brake material and several companies are manufacturing carbon fiber—reinforced carbon-matrix composites, which are used primarily for aircraft brakes and race cars (16). Carbon composites usually consist of three types of carbon carbon in the fibrous form (see Carbon FIBERS), carbon resulting from the controlled pyrolysis of the resin (usually phenolic-based), and carbon from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) filling the pores (16). 

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