Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence EDXRF

Enamel and bone, strontium isotope analysis, 102-104 Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, Seip textiles, 35 Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), elemental analyses copper-based coins, 231-245 copper coins, Herodian prutah, 246-257... 

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy is used to determine which chemicals are... 

A micro-adaptation of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) has been used to compare the Ni content of normal and carcinomatous human breast tissue (Rizk and Sky-Peck, 1984). Surgical specimens were homogenized (200 g/L in water) in a Teflon homogenizer. Ten 5 aliquots of each specimen were layered onto Formvar films in a slide holder, air-dried under laminar flow, and placed in the vacuum chamber of the instrument at 200 /im of mercury. By X-irradiation for 500 s (18 mA, 35 kV) 16 elements were determined simultaneously. The Ni scattered peak was observed at 7 keV and Ni concentrations of about 1 mg/kg dry wt. were caiculated after computer correction of the background continuum, as described (Sky-Peck and Joseph, 1981). 

Numerous techniques and instrumental methods can be used to measure sulfur in gasoline and diesel fuels [3]. It is beyond the scope of this paper to cover any of the standard techniques in detail. Unfortunately, many of the traditionally used techniques are out of consideration for analyzing fuels at low levels because of inadequate sensitivity or lack of precision at those levels. For instance, a study group comprised of 69 industry participants has recommended that Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and some other older technologies be dropped fi-om consideration for analyzing fuels at the 30 ppm level [3],... 

Tungsten is principally found in the form of WO ions in biological media. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is the most commonly used technique for its total determination ( W half-life 24 hr). Other methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) or energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) are used more rarely. Moreover, no result about W speciation has been reported. 

The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) are the most widely used techniques for quantification of various elements present in aerosol samples. The population living in proximity to the industries and increased vehicular traffic are exposed to relatively high levels of air and water pollution. Numerous workers have studied the air and water samples by XRF and PIXE techniques for pollution monitoring, since the assessment of pollutant elemental levels and identification of their sources is prerequisite for understanding their effect on human health. 

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique has been employed by Joshi et al. (2006) to determine the concentrations of different elements in water samples collected from different locations of famous Nainital Lake including tap water and spring water sample from Nainital (Uttaranchal). Lake Nainital is a constant source of drinking water for local people as well as tourists. A chelating agent (NaDDTC) was used for the preconcentration of the trace elements. Seventeen elements were detected. The concentrations of Na, Si, K, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Pb, and Bi were found to be within BIS/WHO limits. 

Various combinations of the instrument components discussed in the previous section lead to two primary types of spectrometers wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) instruments. "... 

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