Energy diagrams drawing

On a single energy diagram, draw a series of four individual traces for the ionization reaction of R-Br below that reflect these carbocation stabilities as the structure of R varies. Assume all reactions are endothermic. Arbitrarily assign R-Br to the same energy level in all traces, so that the comparison of carbocation stabilities is emphasized. 

Determine the symmetries of the resultant moleeular orbitals in the D3h point group. Draw a qualitative orbital energy diagram using the HMO energies you have ealeulated. 

For each reaction, plot energy (vertical axis) vs. the number of the structure in the overall sequence (horizontal axis). Do reactions that share the same mechanistic label also share similar reaction energy diagrams How many barriers separate the reactants and products in an Sn2 reaction In an SnI reaction Based on your observations, draw a step-by-step mechanism for each reaction using curved arrows () to show electron movements. The drawing for each step should show the reactants and products for that step and curved arrows needed for that step only. Do not draw transition states, and do not combine arrows for different steps. 

Use of the Hammond Postulate requires that the reverse reactions both be fast. Obtain energies for the transition states leading to 1-propyl and 2-propyl radicals ipropane+Br end and propane+Br center), and draw a reaction energy diagram for each (place the diagrams on the same axes). Is use of the Hammond Postulate justified Compare the partial CH and HBr bond distances in each transition state to the corresponding distances in propane and hydrogen bromide, respectively. Does the Hammond Postulate correctly predict which bond distances will be most similar Explain. 

A complete energy diagram for the overall reaction of ethylene with HBr is show n in Figure 5.7. In essence, we draw a diagram for each of the individual steps and then join them so that the carbocation product of step 1 is the reactant for step 2. As indicated in Figure 5.7, the reaction intermediate lies at an energy ... 

Draw an energy diagram for a one-slep reaction with /Cet) < 1. Label the parts of the diagram corresponding to reactants, products, transition state, AG°, and ACT Is AG° positive or negative ... 

Draw an energy diagram for a two-step exergonic reaction whose second step is faster than its first step. 

Draw an energy diagram for a reaction with Xet( = 1. What is the value of AG° in this reaction ... 

Draw an energy diagram for the three molecular orbitals of the cyclopropenyl system (C l I3). How ate these three molecular orbitals occupied in the cyclopropenyl anion, cation, and radical Which of the three substances is aromatic according to Hiickel s rule ... 

Draw a reaction-energy diagram for the reaction if its activation energy is 37 kj. 

Consider a reaction in which E = 129 kj and AH = —29 kj. In the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is 48% of the uncatalyzed reaction. Follow the directions in Question 71 in drawing an energy diagram. 

These observations remind us of Chapter 8, in which we considered the factors that determine the rate of a chemical reaction. Of course, the same ideas apply here. We can draw qualitative information about the mechanism of the reaction by applying the collision theory. With quantitative study of the effects of temperature and concentration on the rate, we should be able to construct potential energy diagrams like those shown in Figure 8-6 (p. 134). 

C15-0083. If a reaction has an activation energy of zero, how is A for the forward reaction related to for the reverse reaction Draw an activation energy diagram illustrating your answer. 

C15-0084. Consider the exothermic reaction AC -b B AB -b C. (a) Draw an activation energy diagram for this reaction, (b) Label the energies of reactants and products, (c) Show A reaction by a double-headed arrow, (d) Show a for the forward reaction by a single-headed arrow, (e) Label and draw a molecular picture of the activated complex. 

Fig. 1 Schematic drawings of a tunnel diode, an STM, and the electronic energy diagram appropriate for both. U is the height of the potential barrier, E is the energy of the incident electron, d is the thickness of the barrier, A is approximately 1.02 A/(eV)1/2 if U and E are in electron volts and d is in angstroms, /0 is the wavefunction of the incident electron, and /d is the wavefunction after transmission through the barrier. I is the measured tunneling current, V is the applied bias, and M and M are the electrode metals...

Draw and label a potential energy diagram for the reaction. Propose a reasonable activated complex. 

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