Energy automobiles

In the past decade, SCM has attracted much attention in many Chinese industrial sectors, for example, agriculture (food) and/or business, manufacturing, energy, automobile, e-business, coastal, pharmaceutical, outscoring, furniture and motorcycle industries. Table 2.3 summarises the literature related to SCM in China using three criteria industry type, research method and subjects. 

J. W. ShiUer, "The Automobile and the Atmosphere" in Energy Production, Consumption and Consequences, National Academy Press, Washington,... 

Another factor is the potential economic benefit that may be realized due to possible future environmental regulations from utilizing both waste and virgin biomass as energy resources. Carbon taxes imposed on the use of fossil fuels in the United States to help reduce undesirable automobile and power plant emissions to the atmosphere would provide additional economic incentives to stimulate development of new biomass energy systems. Certain tax credits and subsidies are already available for commercial use of specific types of biomass energy systems (93). 

Fig. 5.1. (a) An automobile moving downhill can do work. It is this free work that drives the process. (b) In the simplest situation the free work can be calculated from the change in potential energy, mgh, that takes place during the process. 

Kraft-wagen, m. automobile, motor car, motor truck, -wagenfett, n. automobile grease, -wageniack, m. automobile varnish, -weeh-sel, m. energy exchange, -werk, n., -zentrale, /. power station, -wirkung, /. (dynamic) effect, action (of a force). 

See also Acid Ram Air Quality, Indoor Atmosphere Automobile Performance Climatic Effects Emission Control, Vehicle Emission Control, Power Plant Environmental Economics Environmental Problems and Energy Use Gasoline and Additives Transportation, Evolution of Energy Use and Turbines, Gas. 

Vehicles None Two energy-efficient models. Three or four automobiles and a recreational vehicle. 

Commute 3 miles by walking, bicycling, or mass fransif. 40 miles in an energy-efficient automobile. If there are high-occupancy vehicle lanes, will make effort to carpool. 60 miles in a 14 mpg sports utility vehicle, and a disdain for mass transit, carpooling and high-occupancy vehicle lanes. 

Besides operational energy use, corporate decisions have an impact throughout society. One reason that per capita energy consumption in North America is much higher than in the rest of the world was the decision of corporate leaders to expand and relocate away from city centers and to major beltway loops in the suburbs. This necessitated more trucking and a workforce reliant on the private automobile instead of mass transit. In an era of tremendous job insecurity, even the most energy-conserving person... 

However, if the bicycle is meant to be a substitute for the automobile, the lighter aluminum frame material can dramatically lower the human power output needed to climb hills. The energy saved during the use of the aluminum frame will more than compensate for the greater energy needed to manufacture it. 

The bicycle s energy efficiency superiority extends beyond hninali loconiotion and beyond all other forms of transportation. By com ertmg food into the energy equivalent of gasoline, the kilocalories of food energy needed by a human to pedal a bicycle is only a fraction of that needed to propel planes, trains, and automobiles (see Table 1). 

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