Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Energy-analyzing devices

The discussion is restricted to energy-analyzing devices compatible with analytical electron microscopes. Generally, they are either electrostatic or... [Pg.75]

These modes of operation ate used in conjunction with the two most popular energy analyzers, the cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) and the concentric hemispherical analyzer (CHA). The most common form of the CMA used today is the double-pass version diagramed in Eigute 21. This device consists of two perfectly coaxial cylinders of radii r and r. The outer cylinder is held at a potential of (— ) and the inner cylinder is held at ground. The... [Pg.283]

The use of more selective detectors for SFE-GC, such as a thermo-energy analyzer for the detection of explosives (34) and a two-channel optical device for the... [Pg.138]

The msgority of commercial instrumentation consists of a flood x-ray or uv photon source and an energy analyzer equipped with an energy retardation transfer lens. The analysis spot size in this instrumentation is limited by the image the entrance slit of the analyzer makes on the sample surface in the analysis position. Materials studies are thus limited to model structures or large area surfaces (at least a few millimeters in size). Because semiconductor device structures generally consist of features which are on the order of micrometer dimensions, the trend in modem instmmentation is towards smaller analysis spot size Small analysis spot size permits investigators to employ photoelectron spectroscopy on real devices rather than model device structures. [Pg.73]

DCEMS together with low-temperature and in-field measurements require much more sophisticated experimental equipment. Gas counters, scintillation detectors, electron multipliers (Channeltron, Ceratron), surface barrier silicon semiconductor detector, and electron energy analyzers belong to the most frequently used detectors applied in CEMS and CXMS, respectively. Differences among individual constructions can be found in Ref. 123. Commercially available version of CEMS/CXMS spectrometer is depicted in Fig. 18.36 [127]. Device is based on 27t proportional continuous gas flow counter for room-temperature zero-magnetic field measurements. [Pg.386]

See other pages where Energy-analyzing devices is mentioned: [Pg.177]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.163]    [Pg.687]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.6]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.293]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.617]    [Pg.428]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.480]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.53]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.1328]    [Pg.72]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.1952]    [Pg.4164]    [Pg.299]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.276]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.151]    [Pg.604]   


SEARCH



Analyzer, energy

© 2024 chempedia.info