Endoprosthesis

Fig. 2.35 Mechanical stresses and corrosive effects to which a joint endoprosthesis is exposed in the human body W-wcar (mechanical and/or depassivation), B-bending (corrosion fatigue), T-torsion, G-general and localised attack.

Endoprosthesis A permanent prosthesis used wholly within the body, e.g. as a replacement for a bone, a joint, a tendon or a ligament. 

Total joint replacement The replacement of a joint by an endoprosthesis. 

Shepherd H A, et al. Endoscopic biliary endoprosthesis in the palliation of malignant obstruction of the distal common bile duct a randomized trial. BrJSurg 1988 75(12) 1166-1168. 

Andersen JR, et al. Randomised trial of endoscopic endoprosthesis versus operative bypass in malignant obstructive jaundice. Gut 1989 30(8) 1132-1135. 

The application of BASYC as a microvessel endoprosthesis was investigated, e.g., in the case of a typical end-to-end anastomosis using the carotid artery of the rat. To demonstrate the implantation area of BASYC a part of the arterial blood-vessel system of the rat is shown in Fig. 16. 

Our animal experiments demonstrate that the structure and properties of the cellulosic microvessel endoprosthesis material cause rapid adhesion and optimal coating with autogenous cells in the living body [66-74,120-125]. 

Drainage therapy results in subjective improvement and decreases the risk of cholangitis. Techniques used include biliodigestive anastomosis, percutaneous trans-hepatic drainage or an endoprosthesis to bridge bile-duct stenosis. 

A hematoma was reported in one patient who underwent placement of a total endoprosthesis in the right knee. After three bolus infusions of rAHF-PFM, the adverse event resolved completely. The global assessment of efficacy was good at time of discharge, and no further adverse events were reported in this patient. 

Figure 2.3 High-end hip endoprosthesis showing the femoral Ti6AI4V stem with an alumina femoral ball (left) and the acetabular cup with an alumina insert (right). Note...

There is another potentially deleterious biological process that may lead to pre-mature implant loosening. If by some metabolic processes, for example inflammation as a response to infection with staphylococci (Riool et al., 2014) the pH of body fluid will decrease to below 4.5, then hydroxyapatite will start to dissolve (see Figure 4.21). This has severe consequences on the stability of implants carrying HAp coatings as it will promote loosening of the endoprosthesis (Konig and Michael, 2003). 

Sintered aluminum oxides (AljOj) or zirconium oxides (Zr02) are increasingly used as components or as part of an articular endoprosthesis. 

Table 1 lists the qualitative opportunities and risks of UHMW PE inlays in a hip endoprosthesis as compared to a steel (CrCoMo) acetabulum. 

Haas PC, Angelini P, Leachman DR, Krajcer Z (2000) Percutaneous treatment of life-threatening congenital arteriovenous malformations with the Wallgraft endoprosthesis. J Endovasc Ther 7 333-339... 

Biittner-Janz K., K. Schellnack, and H. Zippel. 1987. [An alternative treatment strategy in lumbar intervertebral disk damage using an SB Charite modular typ>e intervertebral disk endoprosthesis). Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 125 1-6. 

Femstrom U. 1966. Arthroplasty with intercorporal endoprosthesis in herniated disc and in painful disc. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 357 154—159. 

B.R. Loures, Endoprosthesis process to obtain and methods used. Patent No. WO 2004/045458 Al, assigned to R. Da Rocha Loures Bueno, Jun 3,2004. 

Huettner [141] discusses the role of carbon fiber composites in state-of-the-art ceramics in surgery, such as reinforced carbon shaft endoprosthesis, and finds that cfrp is suitable for the construction of endoprosthesis shafts having high static and dynamic strength. Claes [142] describes experimental investigations on hip prostheses with carbon fiber reinforced carbon shafts with ceramic heads, finding cfrp more suitable than stainless steel. 

Huettner W, Carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon shaft-endoprosthesis - state of the art Ceramics in Surgery, Proc. 2nd Int. Symp, on Bioceramics, Lignano Sabbiadoro, Italy, 16-19 June, 1982, Vincenzini P ed., Amsterdam, Elsevier, 225, 1983. 

Plastic endoprosthesis for biliary drainage were introduced in 1978 by Burcharth (1978) and Pereiras et al. (1978). Several types are available for percutaneous and endoscopic use. Common examples include the hammer endoprosthesis (William Cook), and the Carey-Coons endoprosthesis (Boston Scientific). Most plastic endoprostheses have sideholes at either end and are of large caliber to ensure efficient biliary drainage. 

Expandable metallic endoprosthesis were developed for use in the biliary tract in the mid 1980s to overcome the problems of plastic endoprostheses. Various types of metallic endoprostheses are commercially available for use in the bihary tree. They can be divided into two groups ... 

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