Biliary endoprosthesis

Shepherd H A, et al. Endoscopic biliary endoprosthesis in the palliation of malignant obstruction of the distal common bile duct a randomized trial. BrJSurg 1988 75(12) 1166-1168. 

Stoker J, Lamaris JS (1993) Complications of percutaneously inserted Wallstents. JVIR 4 767-772 Storkson RH, Edwin B,Reiertsen O et al (2000) Gut perforation caused by biliary endoprosthesis. Endoscopy 32 87-89 Strohm WD (1984) Limits of conventional abdominal sonography and features of endoscopic sonography. Scand J Gastroenterol [SuppI] 94 7-12... 

Plastic endoprosthesis for biliary drainage were introduced in 1978 by Burcharth (1978) and Pereiras et al. (1978). Several types are available for percutaneous and endoscopic use. Common examples include the hammer endoprosthesis (William Cook), and the Carey-Coons endoprosthesis (Boston Scientific). Most plastic endoprostheses have sideholes at either end and are of large caliber to ensure efficient biliary drainage. 

Expandable metallic endoprosthesis were developed for use in the biliary tract in the mid 1980s to overcome the problems of plastic endoprostheses. Various types of metallic endoprostheses are commercially available for use in the bihary tree. They can be divided into two groups ... 

Burcharth F (1978) A new endoprosthesis for nonoperative intubation of the biliary tract in malignant obstructive jaundice. Surg Gynecol Obstet 146 76 Catalano MF, Geenen JE, Lehman GA et al (2002) Tannen-baum Teflon stents versus traditional polyethylene stents for treatment of malignant biliary stricture. Gastrointest Endosc 55 354-358... 

Morgan RA, Adam AN (2001) Malignant biliary disease percutaneous interventions. Tech Vase Interv Radiol 4 147-152 Mueller PR, Ferrucci JT Jr, Teplick SK et al (1985) Biliary stent endoprosthesis analysis of complications in 113 patients. Radiology 156 637-639... 

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