Endolith

Priedman, E. I. (1971). Light and scanning electron microscopy of the endolithic desert algal habitat. Phycologia 10,411-428. 

Xerotolerant an organism capable of growth at low water activity. For example, an extreme halophile or endolith. 

Friedmann, E. I. (1982). Endolithic microorganisms in the Antarctic cold desert. Science, 215, 1045-53. 

Gerrath, J. F., Gerrath, J. A. Larson, D. W. (1995). A preliminary account of endolithic algae of limestone cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73, 788-93. 

Experimental studies of mineral weathering rates in the presence of oxalic acid demonstrate the importance of LPD. For example, in the presence of 1 mM oxalic acid, rates of silica elution from feldspar can increase up to 15-fold at circumneutral pH, while A1 elution rates can increase by two orders of magnitude (Barker et al, 1997). Similar results are reported for quartz and olivine (Grandstaff, 1986 Bennett et al, 1988), and indicate that oxalate leaching of aluminium, calcium, magnesium and other cations from primary silicate minerals can yield a silica-rich residue similar to that found in association with endolithic lichens (Johnston Vestal, 1993 Lee Parsons, 1999). 

Wessels, D. C. J. Schoeman, P. (1988). Mechanism and rate of weathering of Clarens sandstone by an endolithic lichen. South African Journal of Science, 84, 274-7. 

Giinther, A. (1990). Distribution and bathymetric zonation of shell-boring endoliths in recent reef and shelf environments Cozumel, Yucatan (Mexico). Facies, 22, 233-62. 

May, J. A. Perkins, R. D. (1979). Endolithic infestation of carbonate substrates below the sediment-water interface. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 49, 357-78. 

Vogel, K., Golubic, S. Breh, C. E. (1987). Endolithic associations and their relation to facies distribution in the Middle Devonian of New York State, U. S. A. Lethaia, 20, 263-90. 

Ferrer, L. M., and Szmant, A. M. (1988). Nutrient regeneration by the endolithic community in coral skeletons. Proc. (6th) Int. Coral Reef Symp. 1—4. 

Fine, M., and Loya, Y. (2002). Endolithic algae An alternative source of photoassimilates during coral bleaching. Proc. R. Soc. Land. B-Biol. Sci. 269(1497), 1205-1210. 

Le Campion-Alsumard, T., Golubic, S., and Hutchings, P. (1995). Microbial endoliths in skeletons of live and dead corals-Pontes Lobata (Moorea, French-Polynesia). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 117,... 

Schhchter, D. Z., and Kerisch, H. (1995). Transfer of photoassimilates from endolithic alage to coral tissue. Naturwissenschcften. 82, 561—564. 

Chasmoendoliths and cryptoendoliths can affect the substrate by water retention. Their metabolic products are released into the microenvironment and may contribute to carbonate dissolution ( algues cariantes). True endoliths, or euendoliths, are those that penetrate actively into the interior of the substrate forming tunnels which follow specific boring patterns (Golubic, Friedmann and Schneider, unpublished results). 

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