Encephalitis cerebrospinal fluid protein

Zink MC, Coleman GD, Mankowski JL, Adams RJ, Tarwater PM, Fox K, Clements JE (2001) Increased macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in cerebrospinal fluid precedes and predicts simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. J Infect Dis 184(8) 1015-1021... 

Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM (1999) Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 17 657-700 Bernasconi S, Cinque P, Peii G, Sozzani S, Crociati A, Torri W, Vicenzi E, Vago L, Lazzarin A, Poli G, Mantovani A (1996) Selective elevation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus encephalitis. J Infect Dis 174 1098-1101... 

Cinque P, Vago L, Mengozzi M, Torn V, Ceresa D, Vicenzi E, Transidico P, Vagani A, Sozzani S, Mantovani A, Lazzarin A, PoU G (1998) Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 correlate with HlV-1 encephalitis and local viral rephcation. AIDS 12 1327-1332... 

Lumbar puncture (LP) is used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is used most often as an evaluation of CNS infections such as meningitis and encephalitis, but it is also useful in subarachnoid hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, and dementia. Opening pressure, cell count and differential, glucose concentration, total protein... 

Of recent interest is the occurrence of encephalopathy from West Nile virus infection which can be fatal in the immune compromised host. Whereas this infection is transient encephalitis in the healthy, it can result in coma and death in the elderly and the inunune-compromised patient. There is nothing specific about the disorder diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion as the disorder is seasonal and occurs in late summer. The MRI scan may show very little if any by way of abnormalities. The cerebrospinal fluid is always abnormal with prominent pleocytosis and increased protein. Cerebrospinal fluid is usually positive for IgM antibody to the virus. Care is only supportive therapy. 

Cinque, P., Vago, L., Mengozzi, M., Torri, V., Ceresa, D., Vicenzi, E., Transidico, P., Vagani, A., Sozzani, S., Mantovani, A., Lazzarin, A., and Poli, G. (1998). Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 correlate with HIV-1 encephalitis and local viral replication. AIDS 12, 1327 1332. 

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