Emissions world total

If 10% of energy needs were met by wind power, there would be about 10 billion tons less of worldwide carbon emissions out of a world total of 60 to 70 billion tons. To achieve this, 120 times more wind capacity is needed. 

I.4.I.3.2. The role of human activities in the total CO2 emissions world-wide ... 

For assessment of the contribution of traffic derived emissions to total pollution levels in an urban atmosphere, detailed information about the emission characteristics of motor vehicles operated under real-world conditions is needed. 

FIGURE S.30 Comparison of ambient levels of t h maximum ozone, annual average of total suspended particulate matter (TSP), and sulfur dioxide in selected cities from around the world to illustrate the v tacion in these levels from countr)i to country with respect to the United States. [Reproduced from the National Air Quality and Emission Trends Report (1992), with permission.] ... 

For the noble metals used in oxidation, the loading is about 0.1 oz per car, with calls for a million ounces per year. The current world production rates of platinum, palladium, and rhodium are 1.9, 1.6, and 0.076 million ounces respectively the current U,S. demand for platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium are 0.52, 0.72, 0.045, and 0.017 million ounces respectively (72, 73). The supply problem would double if NO reduction requires an equal amount of noble metal. Pollution conscious Japan has adopted a set of automobile emission rules that are the same as the U.S., and Western Europe may follow this creates a demand for new car catalysts approaching the U.S. total. The bulk of world production and potential new mines are in the Soviet Union and South Africa. The importation of these metals, assuming the current price of platinum at 155/oz and palladium at 78/oz, would pose a balance of payment problem. The recovery of platinum contained in spent catalysts delivered to the door of precious metal refiners should be above 95% the value of platinum in spent catalysts is greater than the value of lead in old batteries, and should provide a sufficient incentive for scavengers. 

On a global scale, there is little doubt that human activities associated with energy production, primarily of fossil fuels, have over the last few decades, altered the composition of atmospheric gases. World carbon emissions are expected to exceed 1990 levels by 39 percent in 2010. By 2020, this figure will be closer to 70 percent Two thirds of the total increase in carbon emissions will occur in non-industrialized countries. 

In Vietnam, total greenhouse gas emissions in 2000 were 150.9 million tons C02 equivalent thereafter, average per capita was 1.5 million tons. Vietnam s level of CO2 emissions per capita was rather low compared to world average (Table 2). 

In 1950 the U.S. C02 emissions were almost 40% of the global total. By 1975 this had dropped to about 25%, and by the late 1980s it was about 22%. If the U.S. held emissions constant at 1985 levels, a reduction of 15% from the emissions in 1995 and a 28% reduction from the forecast emissions in 2010, then global emissions would be reduced by only 3% in 1995 and 6% in 2010. Even if U.S. emissions were cut by 50% below the 1985 levels, global emissions would continue to grow and would drop by less than 15% in the year 2010. This supports the assumption that world emissions will continue to grow. 

The United States Department of Energy (DoE) projects that total world energy consumption will increase by 59% between 1999 and 2020 and predicts a 20% increase in carbon dioxide emissions1. At the same time, different governmental entities around the globe have set targets on Carbon emission reduction. 

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