Switching emergency

In addition to conventional applications in conducting polymers and electrooptical devices, a number of recent novel applications have emerged. Switching of DNA electron transfer upon single-strand/double-strand hybridization fonns the basis for a new medical biosensor teclmology. Since the number of base pairs of length 20... 

Emergency switch operation not understood or clear to the operator. Equipment works differently in different operating locations. 

Provide clear guidelines for operators when to use emergency switches... 

Emergency Switching. Operators need a way to transfer to the backup system if the computer fails. Preferably, this should be done with computer-set controllers equipped with remote switching connections so the transfer can be made without manual switching by the operators. 

Such work frequently has to be performed when sealing submerged pmnping stations. If a pumping station pumps fecal material, the concrete loses density and strength because of gas corrosion. In emergency switch-off of power, the pumps overflow with fecal matter. 

The most important measure in order to decrease fatality risk is Ae existence of a properly functioning emergency switch within reach (of operator) that will... 

The regulations identify four separate types of switching switching for isolation, switching for mechanical maintenance, emergency switching and functional switching. 

Emergency switching involves the rapid disconnection of the electrical supply by a single action to remove or prevent danger. 

The purpose of emergency switching is to cut off the electrical energy rapidly to remove an unexpected hazard. 

Emergency switching is for use by anyone. The device used for emergency switching must be immediately accessible and identifiable, and be capable of cutting off the full load current. 

The 3rd Amendment to the 17th Edition of the lET Regulations tells us at Note 5 of Table 53.4 that circuit protective devices and RCDs are not intended for frequent load switching. However, infrequent switching of MCBs is permissible for the purpose of isolation or emergency switching. 

System safety design with regard to maintenance, maintainability can the system be shut down easily and safely for maintenance work (N.B. emergency switches ) Is the system s maintainability good Does the design support easy and safe maintenance or add/increase the risks ... 

Following on from Recommendation 11, operators of Buncefield-type sites should evaluate the siting and/or suitable protection of emergency response facilities such as firefighting pumps, lagoons or manual emergency switches. ... 

Emergency standby protection (see also Chap. 5.12) may be provided by a single unit rated to protect a known segment of load that can be isolated with a two-way transfer (normal emergency) switch (Fig. 6.102).The size of this type of unit may range from 50 kW or under to approximately 1500 kW (Fig. 6.103). 

The provision of emergency switching devices to ensure the supplies to the test area can be switched off quickly in an emergency. 

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