Embryo, analysis

Serbedzija, G. N., Bronner-Fraser, M., and Fraser, S. E. (1992). Vital dye analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration in the mouse embryo. Development 116 297-307. 

Gonczy P, Schnabel H, Kaletta T, Amores AD, Hyman T, Schnabel R 1999 Dissection of cell division processes in the one cell stage Caenorhabditit elegant embryo by mutational analysis. J Cell Biol 144 927-946... 

This brief commentary on superheated liquids has indicated that they are readily formed if one prevents heterogeneous nucleation of vapor embryos. Also, there is a limit to the degree of superheat for any given liquid, pure or a mixture. This limit may be estimated either from thermodynamic stability theory or from an analysis of the dynamics of the formation of critical-sized vapor embryos. Both approaches yield very similar predictions although the physical interpretation of the results from both differ considerably. 

B. Novak and J. J. Tyson, Numerical analysis of a comprehensive model of M-phase control in Xenopus oocyte extracts and intact embryos. J. Cell Sci. 106, 1153-1168 (1993). 

The acute toxicity and oxidative effects of nano-scale Ti02 depend on the size of the nanoparticle (bulk Ti02 is positively nontoxic) and increase notably through illumination, as this leads to the formation of hydroxyl radicals [74], further indicating oxidative stress as a major candidate for the mechanism of action of NP toxicity. However, a recent microarray analysis of the transcriptome of zebrafish embryos treated with Ti02 NP showed no major increase of transcripts related to oxidative stress. Instead, significant effects were observed on expression of genes involved in circadian rhythm, kinase activity, vesicular transport, and immune response [75]. 

R. Although expressions for this parameter exist, they are derived by a hybrid of molecular mechanical and thermodynamic arguments which are not at present known to be consistent as droplet size decreases (8). An analysis of the size limitation of the validity of these arguments has, to our knowledge, never been attempted. Here we evaluate these expressions and others which are thought to be only asymptotically correct. Ve conclude, from the consistency of these apparently independent approaches, that the surface of tension, and, therefore, the surface tension, can be defined with sufficient certainty in the size regime of the critical embryo of classical nucleation theory. 

In the last few years additional members of the IFN family has been discovered. Amino acid sequence analysis of a protein called trophoblastin—which is found in many ruminants — revealed that it was closely related to IFN-a. This result was surprising because, in sheep and several other ruminants, the primary function (and until recently the only known function) of trophoblastin is to sustain the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy. The 172 amino acid protein is produced by the trophoblast (an outer layer of cells which surround the cells that constitute the early embryo) for several days immediately preceding implantation. In many ruminants, therefore, trophoblastin plays an essentially similar role to hCG in humans (Chapter 8). 

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