ELISA inhibition assay

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of ELISA inhibition assay using selectin Ig chimera. Reprinted in part with permission from H. Ohmoto, K. Nakamura, T. Inoue, N. Kondo, Y. Inoue, K. Yoshino, and H. Kondo, J. Med. Chem., 39 (1996) 1339-1343. (Ref. 181) (1996). American Chemical Society.

Carmichael, W.W, and An, J. 1999. Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a protein phosphatase inhibition assay for the detection of microcystins and nodularins. Nat Toxins 7 377-385. 

The most common types of assays employed to quantitate protein concentrations in biological matrices are listed in Table 32.4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), radioimmunoassays (RIAs), and immunoradiometric assays (IRMAs) require protein-specific antibodies, labeled proteins, or labeled antibodies as reagents, and are generally competitive inhibition assays. Radioimmunoassays measure concentrations by displacing ligands from cell-bound receptors. The most common assay, the... 

Very recently we raised three monoclonal antibodies against human liver Mn-SOD. The epitope of one of these antibodies was found to be a COOH-terminal peptide, as judged by competitive inhibition assay using synthetic peptides (K4). Using this antibody we developed an ELISA method and found that the enzyme is also present in human serum. Measurement of the serum immunoreactive Mn-SOD protein levels in various diseases revealed that the enzyme levels are... 

From the Fijian sponge Fascaplysinopis reticulata were isolated two sesterterpenoids related to luffariellolide, wodehydro-luffariellolide (69) and dehydro-luffariellolide diacid (70). Ao-dehydro-luffariellolide inhibited at 1 mg/ml 81% of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity [90] and reduced the activity of p56lck tyrosine kinase at 0.5 mM to 45% in ELISA based assays [91]. Hyrtiolide (71) was isolated from the Fijian sponge Hyrtios erecta together with its correlated wo-dehydro-... 

Virtanen T., Louhelainen K. and Montyjarvi R. (1986) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition method to estimate the level of airborne bovine epidermal antigen in cowsheds. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 81, 253-257. 

The ELISA is currently the most promising method for rapid sample screening for MCs because of its sensitivity, specificity, and ease of operation. These assays are based on the use of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. These assays show greater specificity than protein phosphatase inhibition assays but do not indicate the relative toxicides of microcystin and nodularin variants instead, ELISAs rely on the structure of toxins for detection. Therefore cross-reactivities of the different toxins may vary and sensitivity depends on the structure rather than toxicity. 

The evaluation of a number of immunoassay diagnostic kits was undertaken to determine their usefulness in a regulatory analytical laboratory environment in the food, feed and pesticide areas. Four rapid enzyme immunoassay tests for the detection of aflatoxin residues at the 20 ppb level in animal feeds were compared to the official HPLC procedure. In the pesticide area, a commercial pentachlorophenol competitive inhibition assay for residues in water was investigated as to its applicability to poultry and pork liver matrices. In addition, an ELISA screening procedure for the herbicide fusilade was developed. Modifications were incorporated into the rapid immunoband 1-2 Test procedure for the detection of motile Salmonella in various food and animal feed products resulting in quicker analysis than the standard culture method. Also, a comparative evaluation of a Quik-Card Test for sulphamethazine drug residues in pork urine, liver and muscle tissue, is described. 

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