Elimination, direction Replacement

These component balances are conceptually identical to a component balance written for a homogeneous system. Equation (1.6), but there is now a source term due to mass transfer across the interface. There are two equations (ODEs) and two primary unknowns, Og and a . The concentrations at the interface, a and a, are also unknown but can be found using the equilibrium relationship, Equation (11.4), and the equality of transfer rates. Equation (11.5). For membrane reactors. Equation (11.9) replaces Equation (11.4). Solution is possible whether or not Kjj is constant, but the case where it is constant allows a and a to be eliminated directly... 

We may now make the direction in which we intend to go more precise. All problems related to decaying atomic states or unstable particles involve interacting fields (or atoms and fields). Two extreme attitudes are possible (a) Fields are treated as mechanical objects the difference due to the existence of an infinite number of degrees of freedom are hoped to play a minor role. (b) The mechanical equations of motion are completely eliminated and replaced by the study of the -matrix. It is amazing how much has been achieved in this way (see especially the beautiful monograph by Eden et al.5). 

When chlorobenzene is heated with sodamide, aniline is formed. However, a direct replacement of the halogen does not occur. The reaction proceeds through a highly reactive benzyne formed by elimination in which the cleavage of the C-H bond is the rate-determining step. The amide anion may then attack the symmetrical benzyne at either end of the benzyne triple bond (Scheme 4.9). 

The direct insertion of a sulfur atom into the skeleton of a precursor molecule to form a heterocyclic ring is known as sulfur bridging. The heterosulfur atom regularly arises from elemental sulfur or an inorganic sulfur compound such as H2S, Na2S, S02, or SOCl2. Sulfur bridging may involve simple addition, addition-elimination, or replacement of an atom, ion, or molecule. 

The Chemical and Biological Protected Shelter (CBPS) is a direct replacement for the M51 C/B shelter, which eliminates the excessive erection/striking time, the insufficient floor space, lack of natural ventilation, and the unavailability of prime movers, which were the problems with the M51. The CBPS can be set up or struck three times daily when operating as a Battalion Aid Station. Set-up times of the inflatable rib tent have been established at 15 to 20 minutes, and tear-down times at approximately 30 minutes. The CBPS consists of a power/ support system and inflatable tent. The primary power source is the engine of a HMMWV variant... 

Sulfur removal is accomplished directly by a hydrogenolysis mechanism or indirectly by prior hydrogenation. Figure 13.6 shows the two possible pathways for dibenzothiophene HDS. In the direct route, the S-atom is eliminated and replaced by hydrogen. The other mechanism requires saturation of one... 

MetallorganicMBE (MOMBE). tire solid source Knudsen cells in conventional MBE are replaced witli gaseous beams of organometallic precursors, directed toward a heated substrate in UHV. Compared to MOCVD, MOMBE eliminates gas phase reactions tliat may complicate tire deposition surface reactions, and provides lower growtli temperatures. 

Direct oxide reduction (DOR) is presently being tested on production equipment. Eventually, it is hoped to eliminate the fluorination and bomb reduction processes and replace them with DOR. 

The use of this direct oxide reduction process is replacing fluoride reduction as it eliminates neutron exposure to operating personnel (alpha particles from plutonium decay have sufficient energy to eject neutrons from fluorine by the a,n reaction) and eliminates reduction residues which require subsequent recovery. 

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