Bonds electrovalent

The electrovalent bond is formed by electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Thus Na, with one outer electron, loses this electron to achieve the noble gas Ne structure, while Cl with seven outer electrons, gains one electron to achieve the Ar structure. 

ELECTROSTATIO BOND ELECTROSTATIO SUREAOE POTENTIAL ELECTROSTRIOTION ELECTROTAXIS ELECTROVALENT BOND ELEMENTARY OHARGE ELEMENTARY REACTION Elementary reaction stoichiometry, MOLECULARITY CHEMICAL KINETICS UNIMOLECULAR BIMOLECULAR TRANSITION-STATE THEORY ELEMENTARY REACTION Element effect,... 

The coordination number of chloride can be rather high in many sohds. Thus, iV = 8 in CsCl, iV = 6 in NaCl and the perovskite CsNiCla, iV=4 in CuCl, W = 3 in NiCl2 etc. It might be argued that the values of N higher than four correspond to exclusively electrovalent bonding. This is not an easy position to defend the NaCl-type MgS, BaS, LaN,... 

The process of the shifting of an electron from one electrical field to another, as in the formation of an electrovalent bond, in which an electron moving in an orbit about one atom shifts to move in an orbit around the two bonded atoms. 

OXIDATION NUMBER. In its original and restrictive sense, the number of electrons which must be added to a cation to neutralize the charge. The concept has been extended to anions by assignments of negative oxidation numbers. Moreover, it has been further extended, first to all atoms or radicals joined by electrovalent bonds, and then to covalent compounds in which the shared electrons are distributed equally. For the broadest use of the concept, the expression oxidation state is often used. 

The ionic or electrovalent bond is a third kind of linkage. When EN between the binding atoms exceeds the value of 1.7, there is hardly question of common electron pairs. In that case the valence electrons of the atom with the smallest EN-value are almost entirely transferred to the other atom with the largest EN-value. One atom loses one or more electrons and becomes a positively charged ion, whereas the other gains one or more electrons and becomes a negatively charged... 

Ionic (electrovalent) bond A strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. 

Electrovalent bonds are formed between oppositely charged ions, and typically a metal donates electrons to a nonmetal. For example, sodium chloride (common salt, an important constituent of the body s fluids) is written as Na Cl. For sodium chloride only one electron is involved in the transfer and the molecular formula is written as NaCl. However, if sodium forms an ionic compound with oxygen, an oxygen atom needs two electrons to form an ion, so it will need to have two sodium atoms donating electrons ... 

According to the HSAB principle, hard acids react preferentially with hard bases and soft acids react preferentially with soft bases. It is clear from the above description of the various factors leading to the enunciation of the HSAB principle that the general concepts underlying the HSAB principle are not new. To a good approximation, hardness is synonymous with electrovalent bonding while softness is not the same as covalent bonding. 

When the active centre has the character of a covalent or electrovalent bond, the number of factors controlling the stereochemistry of addition increases. The probability of random growth is lower. When alkenes are inserted into a metal-polymer covalent bond, the double bond is almost always opened so as to yield the cis configuration, especially when a four-center transition complex is formed... 

Strong electronic (covalent or electrovalent) bonding is desirable within a crystal lamella, to provide structural strength and to ensure that when shear forces are applied to the crystal, shear takes place between lamellae, and not within them. Conversely, strong bonding between lamellae is undesirable, as it leads to high inter-lamellar shear resistance and high friction. Ideally, the inter-lamellar forces are limited to weak van der Waals forces, and the inter-lamellar space is often called the "van... 

It can still be seen in mineralogical museums how Berzelius classified many compounds as adducts of oxides, as when alum is written K20 A1203 4 S03 24 H20 whereas it was later written KA1(S04)2 12 H20 and the crystal structure indicates only half of the water molecule oxygen atoms directly connected to aluminum K[A1(0H2)6](S04)2(0H2)6. Actually, the large majority of minerals are mixed oxides (and though these formulae derive from the precursor ideas of electrovalent bonding, considering calcium sulfate as an adduct CaO S03, they have the undoubted... 

Pectin and alginate Dry and moist Electrovalent bond Covalent bond ... 

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