Electrospinning biosensors

Electrospinning is a method allowing creation of polymer fibers with diameters in the range between a few tens of nanometers to a few micrometers, starting from a solution of preformed polymer. MIP nanoparticles have been included into nanofibers by electrospinning [126, 127], In another case, the nanofibers were directly produced by electrospinning and polymerizing an MIP-precursor solution [128]. Such MIP fibers can then be used, for example, for the preparation of affinity separation materials [129] or as affinity layers in biosensors [127, 130]. 

In chapter 1, some new aspects of ozone and its reactions on diene mb-bers are presented. The importance of nanocomposites in today s modem science is highlighted in chapter 2, in which different types of polymer nanocomposites stmctures are studied in detail. The simulation of nanoelements formation and interaction is explained in chapter 3. Chapter 4 is divided into three sections to introduce new points of views on advanced pol5uners. The stabilization process of PAN nanofibers is studied in detail in chapter 5. In chapter 6, carbon nanotubes stmcture in pol5nner nanocomposites is updated for our readers. Exploring the potential of oilseeds as a sustainable source of oil and protein for aquaculture feed is presented in chapter 7. Microbial biosensors are introduced in chapter 8. New development of solar cloth by electrospinning technique is well defined in chapter 9. Applications of metal-organic frameworks in textiles are described in chapter 10 and chapter 11 and are divided into 3 sections in present important topics related to the book s objectives. 

To focus on the topic, in the next sections, the general term nanoelectrochemistry will be whittled down to the study of conductive surfaces coated with material having one or more external dimensions in the nanoscale and the apphcations will be limited to electrochemical sensors and biosensors modified with nonwoven nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning. 

A straightforward method to prepare conductive nanofibrous membrane (NFM) is from the electrospinning of conducting polymers (Figure 13.8), such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, and polythiophene [64, 65]. Electrically conducting polymers are known to possess numerous features, which allow them to act as excellent materials for the development of sensing devices as well as for the immobilization of biomolecules in the design of biosensors [66]. 

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