Electrophoresis practical aspects

This chapter deals with the validation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. It describes the various validation characteristics, namely accuracy, precision, specificity, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and range in accordance with the official guidelines. Practical aspects related to the calculation of these parameters and factors affecting them in CE analysis have also been described. Validation requirements have been described according to the goal of the method. The chapter contains numerous tables and diagrams to illustrate these ideas. It also covers other related aspects such as instrument qualification, revalidation, and method transfer. 

Mordehai, A., Lim, H. K., and Henion, J. D. (1995). Ion-spray liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis mass-spectrometry on a modified benchtop ion-trap mass-spectrometer. In Practical Aspects of Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry Chemical, Environmental and Biomedical Applications (R. E. March, and J. F. J. Todd, Eds), Vol. 3, pp. 215—237, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

The aim of this chapter is to cover the theoretical and practical aspects of capillary gel electrophoresis. It also provides an overview of the key application areas of nucleic acid, protein, and complex carbohydrate analysis, affinity-based methodologies, as well as related microseparation methods such as ultra-thin-layer gel electrophoresis and electric field-mediated separations on microchips. It also gives the reader a better understanding of how to utilize this technology, and determine which actual method will provide appropriate technical solutions to problems that may have be perceived as more fundamental. Micropreparative aspects and applications are discussed in Chapter 12. 

SUva, M., MEKC An update focusing on practical aspects. Electrophoresis, 28,174, 2007. 

Krivankova, L., Gebauer, R, and Bocek, R, Some practical aspects of utilizing the online combination of isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis. 7. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 716 35-48. 

Guttman, A. Cooke, N. Practical aspects in chiral separation of pharmaceuticals by capiUary electrophoresis II. Quantitative separation of naproxen enantiomers. J. Chromatogr. 1994, 685, 155. 

Despite these difficulties (discussed in Section 5.3.3a) API sources are currently used widely in combination with a wide range of liquid chromatography methods, i.e. normal and reverse phase, isocratic and gradient, normal bore (4.6 mm i.d.) and capillary columns, as well as ESI with capillary electrophoresis and APCI with GC. In the context of trace level quantitation, API techniques are most often used in combination with reverse phase HPLC, and it is this combination that will be the main focus of discussions of matrix effects (Sections 5.1.1 and 5.3.6a) and of the more practical aspects in Sections 9.6 and 10.10.4.1d. In this regard it is worth noting here that in reverse phase chromatography using e.g., a Cjg-derivatized silica... 

In this chapter the three main modes of large-scale chromatographic operation, and combined reaction and separation. Many useful but small-scale chromatographic methods have been omitted, as well as allied separation techniques which combine aspects of chromatographic principles or practice with aspects of adsorption, extraction, sedimentation or electrophoresis. Such is the pace of invention that novel processes related to chromatography are still being developed and described in the literature. 

Landers, J.P. Handbook of Capillary Electrophoresis Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1997. Pommerening, Affinity Chromatography Practical and Theoretical Aspects Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1985. 

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