Electrophoresis of gastric juice

G17. Glass, G. B. J., Paper electrophoresis of gastric juice in health and disease. In Current Gastroenterology (G. McHardy, ed.), pp. 90-151. Harper (Hoeber), New York, 1962. 

G42. Class, G. B. J., and Ishimori, A., Passage of serum albumin into the stomach. Its detection by paper electrophoresis of gastric juice in protein-losing gastropathies and gastric cancer. Am. ]. Dige. Diseases 6, 103-133 (1961). 

Y2. Yamakawa, H., Study on electrophoresis of gastric juice and mucous membrane of the digestive tract. I. Hectrophoresis of gastric juice. /. Tokyo Jakei Med. School 74, 2634-2643 (1959). 

Various authors (D2, G24, H5-H6, N1-N3, VI, Via, W6, W7) applied to the electrophoresis of gastric juice and mucosa the standard technique used for electrophoresis of serum, i.e., horizontal unit and veronal buffer. The resolution obtained was not as good as that with serum (reviewer s comment). 

Borate buffer, introduced in our laboratory for paper electrophoresis of gastric juice (G19) has since been used for this purpose by other authors (BI2, C5a, Dl, FI, G33, G34, HI, K2, Via, Wll) and also for electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips (P3, P4). Instead of vertical paper electrophoresis units, some of these investigators used borate buffers with horizontal units (B13, FI, K2, Via). The resolution obtained was certainly less satisfactory than that yielded by the vertical unit (Via) and cathodic peaks were not resolved (B13, C5a, K2). 

The most important applications of paper electrophoresis of gastric juice are as follows. 

F g. 9. Paper electrophoresis of gastric juice and histology of gastric mucosa in 65 individuals. From Glass et al. (G18a). 

Schilling and Deiss first performed paper electrophoresis of gastric juice to which radioactive vitamin B12 had been added (S5). This was done by the conventional technique used for serum, in veronal buffer of pH 8.6 and 0.075 molarity at 4°C for 16 hours. After electrophoresis, papers were cut into segments, and the radioactivity of each was determined and correlated with distribution of proteins, as stained by brom-phenol blue. The main B12 binder was located on the anodic side of the partition, relatively close to the application point. In 8 experiments performed with 6 different gastric juices, the major anodic B12 binder did not coincide with any of the major protein bands in the gastric juice, but was localized between them. The technique used, however, did not permit differentiation between various B12 binders present in the gastric juice. 

Fast anodic binder of GuUberg on paper electrophoresis of gastric juice neutralized in situ, and rapid anodic binder of Okuda and Grasbeck, and Simons and Grasbeck on agar gel electrophoresis (binder R). 

On starch block electrophoresis of gastric juice (see Section 5), Gras-beck (G26, G27) found that the two major protein peaks showed marked... 

This material, described by Nakahara and Fukuoka (Nl), is present only in cancer gastric juice. Upon intraperitoneal injection into mice, it depresses the catalase titer of the liver, kidney, and blood. The relationship of this material to mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins of gastric juice is not well known. Toxohormone— like material obtained from normal stomach which is biologically inactive, however—was found to have lower polarographic activity than that from stomachs with gastric cancer (M18). Separation of materials with toxohormone activity by continuous electrophoresis on paper curtain and column chromatography is discussed in the following review in this volume. 

W2. Wada, T., Ohara, H., and Endo, K., Studies on gastric juice protein. Part in. Polarographical, electrophoretical and biochemical studies on fractionated gastric juice by continuous paper electrophoresis, with special reference to the functional precancerous stage of gastric juice. Gann 49, 271-280 (1958). 

In 1952-53 Norpoth et al. (Nl), Henning et al. (H5, H5a), and Hiller and Bischof (H6) pioneered the application of paper electrophoresis to the study of gastric juice. The first author used the dry drop method, which, as the name implies, consists of drying a drop of gastric juice on filter paper that is then submitted to electrophoresis. Electrophoretic patterns of gastric juice obtained by this method yielded 4-6 fractions. However, with this technique there was frequent distortion of electrophoretic patterns and only 50% of them showed fair resolution. 

The effect of acidification on electrophoretic patterns of gastric juices, collected from patients with pernicious anemia and histamine-fast achlorhydria, was studied by Brummer and Seppala (B13). They used dialyzed and lyophilized gastric juice, a horizontal electrophoresis ap-... 

Berg et al. (B5a) correlated the results of gastric biopsies with chemical and electrophoretic analysis of gastric juice. They determined total proteins by the biuret method and total hexoses colorimetrically by the orcinol technique, and performed horizontal paper electrophoresis followed by amido black and PAS staining. Their work corroborated previous findings (G19) that carbohydrate materials staining with PAS were localized in the center of the electrophoretic partition of gastric juice with some extension to adjacent areas. They also observed that... 

In studies performed in association with J. A. Buckwalter s group from Iowa City, we studied the distribution of ABO(H) blood group substances in the electrophoretic partition of gastric juice (G3a, G6). Several acid and anacid pools of gastric juice were subjected to continuous electrophoresis on paper curtain in borate buffer of pH 9.0, 0.06. The... 

Peeters recently studied the distribution of proteolytic enzymes and proteins on curtain electrophoresis by means of his modified continuous electrophoresis apparatus (Pla) and a new technique which he calls electrochromatography. The viscosity of gastric juice neutralized in situ with phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) was decreased by liquefaction with... 

Another change in the electrophoretic pattern of gastric juice, as a result of peptic digestion, was the marked decrease in size of the protein component localized about 1 cm toward the anode from the origin. This parallels findings obtained under similar conditions vith other techniques, i.e., decrease or disappearance of component B on starch block electrophoresis (K7), of component M4 on horizontal paper electrophoresis (B13), and of the intermediate tertiary Bia binder on vertical paper electrophoresis (G23, Ul, U2). 

Another very extensive study was performed by Hurlimann (H20) on 121 gastric juices, of which 32 were collected after in vivo neutralization of gastric juice by phosphate buffer of pH 8. Dialyzed and lyophilized gastric juice, collected after histamine, was subjected to microimmuno-electrophoresis at 4-8% concentration in veronal buffer for 40 minutes against horse antiserum to human serum or rabbit antiserum to gastric juice. 

Wada et al. (W7) studied mucoprotein and mucoproteose fractions by horizontal paper electrophoresis in veronal buffer of pH 8.6 and in acetate buffer of pH 4.5. They processed these materials from gastric juices of normals, patients with histamine-fast anacidity, and those with gastric cancer, which were collected after insulin stimulation. They also subjected the trichloroacetic acid precipitate of gastric juice to electrophoresis, as well as the supernatant fraction remaining after acetone precipitation of the trichloroacetic filtrate of the gastric juice. 

Gullberg used the intragastric in situ neutralization of gastric juice technique to study B12 binders of the gastric juice from normals and patients with pernicious anemia by paper electrophoresis (G34). Phos-... 

K2. Kakei, M., Studies on the gastric juice protein. Part II. Paper electrophoresis-polarographic study of gastric juice protein. Arch. Japan. Chir. 28, 2621-2642 (1959). 

K7. Katzka, 1., The protein distribution of gastric juice electrophoresis A distinctive pattern in pernicious anemia and achlorhydria. Clin. Res. 6, 270 (1958). Abstr. Gastroenterology 36, 593-598 (1959). 

Schilling, R. F., and Deiss, W. P., Intrinsic factor studies. I. Paper electrophoresis of mixture of gastric juice and radioactive vitamin Bjj. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 83, 506-509 (1953). 

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