Microcapillary electrophoresis

Operational procedure of capillary electrophoresis (CE) is similar to TEF. Proteins are separated in an electrical field, migrating until they reach the point where they carry zero charge. Analysis is carried out in a microcapillary tube which provides high resolution. CE can be coupled directly to a MS instrument. The superiority of CE to other analytical techniques is its high resolution. However, it is not widely used for proteomic analysis as there is no commercially available and reliable -MS instrument. 

A. Berthold, F. Laugere, H. Schellevis, C.R. de Boer, M. Laros, R.M. Guijt, P.M. Sarro and M.J. Vellekoop, Fabrication of a glass-implemented microcapillary electrophoresis device with integrated contactless conductivity detection, Electrophoresis, 23 (2002) 3511-3519. 

M. Galloway and S.A. Soper, Contact conductivity detection of polymerase chain reaction products analyzed by reverse-phase ion pair microcapillary electrochromatography, Electrophoresis, 23 (2002) 3760-3768. M. Masar, M. Dankova, E. Olvecka, A. Stachurova, D. Kaniansky and B. Stanislawski, Determination of free sulfite in wine by zone electrophoresis with isotachophoresis sample pretreatment on a column-coupling chip, J. Chromatogr. A, 1026 (2004) 31-39. 

Lazer Zee microcapillary electrophoresis, and the Pen Kem Model 3000, which measures in a automated manner according to the Brownian motion of the particles. The results all showed the same constant electrophoretic mobility over the pH range 5-10, independent of the type of surface group. 

Later, a four-color rotary confocal fluorescent scanner was designed to simultaneously detect 96 channels [977] and 384 channels [980]. The confocal scanner used to detect 384 channels on a microcapillary array electrophoresis (pCAE) chip is shown in Figure 7.3 [980],... 

Oki, A., Adachi, S., Takamura, Y., Onoda, H., Ito, Y., Horiike, Y., Electrophoresis velocity measurement of lymphocytes under suppression of pH change of PBS in microcapillary. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings 5th iTAS Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 21-25, 2001, 505-506. 

In the early days of enzyme study research focused on the isolation of enzymes. The studies were laborious and time-consuming. This situation has been greatly improved by innovations such as the HPLC system and microcapillary electrophoresis, which have enabled the purification of a small amount of enzyme effectively. We in general can isolate and purify most enzymes by a combination of gene technology with these methods without difficulty. 

Fig. 8.8 Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the tetrameric form (G4) of human butyrylcholinesterase in microcapillary gel tubes with different gel concentrations, T. Gel patterns for electrophoresis at 2 kbar and 20°C for (a) butyrylcholinesterase, and (b) butyrylcholinesterase in the presence of 2 m sorbitol (the gels were stained for enzyme activity according to the procedure of Karnovsky and Roots ). The numbers indicate the acrylamide concentrations T. (c) Ferguson plots constructed for butyrylcholinesterase at different pressures (o), atmospheric pressure, ( ) 0.5 kbar, ( ) 1 kbar, (A) 1.5 kbar, and ( ) 2 kbar. (d) A secondary plot of /Cr against pressure for ( ) bovine serum albumin, ( ) butyryicholinesterase, and ( ) butyrylchoiinesterase in the presence of 2 m sorbitol, (e) A secondary plot of log Vo against pressure for butyrylchoiinesterase.

Keywords Continuous flow PCR DNA analysis DNA microarrays Genetic analysis Integrated microsystems Microcapillary electrophoresis Microfluidics Micro-PCR devices Solid-phase extraction... 

Figure 7.25 Capillary electrophoresis, (a) Schematic of microcapillary dimensions, (b) Ion-solute structure at the capillary wall, (c) Schematic illustration of electro-osmotic flow (EOF) created in the microcapillary as a result of capillary bore surface charges.

Bianchi, F., Wagner, F., Hoffmann, P., and Girault, H. H., Electroosmotic flow in composite microchannels and implications in microcapillary electrophoresis systems. Anal. Chem., 73, 829, 2001. 

Capillary electrophoresis is also now increasingly used in cHnical studies. The procedure involves rapid separation in a Hquid or gel medium in a microcapillary and requires fairly expensive equipment. Its main advantages are speed of analysis, high sample... 

Table 3 Examples of the application of microcapillary electrophoresis to the determination of various groups of analytes in different samples...

Lab-on-Chip Devices for Separation-Based Detection, Figure 1 A typical microcapillary electrophoresis system with straight capillary separation channel (1) buffer reservoir, (2) sample reservoir, (3) sample waste reservoir, (4) end waste reservoir, (5) buffer injection channel, (6) sample injection channel, (7) capillary separation channel, (8) injection cross point... 

Figure 10.13. Design of microcapillary electrophoresis chip with electroosmotic sample injection. Detection by laser-induced fluorescence...

Fig. 28a- e. Micromethod for the isozyme determination in single isolated cells, a Preparation of cell suspension, b Mixture of isolated cells and the gel components, c Gel polymerization in microcapillaries, d Electrophoresis, e Extraction of a gel and its staining... 

Arnott, D. Kng, K Bier, M. Land, A. Stults, J. Identification of proteins associated with hypertrophy of cardiomycytes by 2D gel electrophoresis combined with Microcapillary LCMS and tandem MS. In Proceedings of the 43rd ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Atlanta, GA,... 

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