Equipment electrophoresis

Electrolysis Reactions. The electrodes in electrophoresis equipment are typically constmcted from platinum wire, and sodium chloride generally carries the bulk of the current in any electrophoretic medium. This results in the reactions... 

Most electrophoretic methods have been tried in a free-flow format, including isoelectric focusing, native zone electrophoresis, and isotachophoresis. Most free-flow electrophoresis equipment has very low (ca 1 g/(L-h)) capacity, and resolution is reduced by heating and electroosmotic considerations. 

Two-dimensional electrophoresis is normally run so that proteins are separated from each other on the basis of a different molecular property in each dimension. The most commonly utilized method entails separation of proteins by isoelectric focusing (see below) in the first dimension, with separation in the second dimension being undertaken in the presence of SDS, thus promoting band separation on the basis of protein size. Modified electrophoresis equipment that renders two-dimensional electrophoretic separation routine is freely available. Application of biopharmaceuti-cal finished products to such systems allows rigorous analysis of purity. 

Electrolysis Reactions. The electrodes in electrophoresis equipment are typically constructed from platinum wire, and sodium chloride generally carries the hulk of the current in any electrophoretic medium. This results in Ihe reactions at the cathode of 2HiO + 2e — 2 OH + Hi, and HiO+OH = A + HiO at the anode HiO2 H+ + 20.5 0 -r 2e H" + A = HA. That is. water is electrolyzed. The hydrogen gas produced at the cathode can be hazardous, especially because it is in the vicinity of an electrode that is also producing heat. For this reason, electrode chambers arc usually open to the atmosphere so that gases can vent. 

Electrophoresis Equipment. Most electrophoresis equipment shares a basic design, a diagram of which is shown in Figure I. 

Freezers, -20° and -80°C Gel electrophoresis equipment, horizontal full-size and minigel apparatus, vertical full-size and minigel apparatus for polyacrylamide protein gels, and specialized equipment for two-dimensional protein gels Grinder (e.g., coffee grinder)... 

Centennial Avenue Piscataway, NJ 00854 Chromatography supports, electrophoresis equipment... 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis equipment. 

PC-based systems on laboratory analysis equipment (e.g., HPLCs, GCs, electrophoresis equipment, and automated blood typing machines)... 

Barritault D, Expert-Bezancon A, Milet M, Hayes DH (1976) Inexpensive and easily built small scale 2D electrophoresis equipment. Anal Biochem 70 600-611. 

Although modern electrophoresis equipment and systems vary considerably in form and degree of automation, the essential components common to all systems (Figure 5-1) include two reservoirs (1), which contain the buffer used in the process a means of delivering current from a power supply via platinum or carbon electrodes (2), which contact the buffer, and a support medium (3) in which separation takes place connecting the two reservoirs. In some systems, wicks (4) may connect the medium to the buffer solution or directly to the electrodes. The entire apparatus is enclosed (5) to muiimize evaporation and protect both the system and the operator. The direct current power supply sets the polarity of the electrodes and defivers current to the medium. 

Hilmi, A., J.H.T. Luong, and A.-L. Nguyen. 1999. Development of electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis equipped with amperometric detection for analysis of explosive compounds. Anal. Chem. 71 873-878. 

Examine the electrophoresis equipment necessary for this experiment. It has two major components the power supply, which is the blue box, and the electrophoresis chambers, which are the clear plastic cylinders about 20 cm tall. Pull up on the red and black electrodes, and the top cover will come loose. Remove the top cover. 

Figure 1. Pulsed Electrophoresis Equipment. Panel (A) depicts a PFG electrophoresis box with (a) being the space for the slab gel and...

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