Electrooptical liquid-crystalline

Le KV, Aya S, Sasaki Y, Choi H, Araoka F, Ema K, Mieczkowski J, Jakli A, Ishikawa K, Takezoe H (2011) Liquid crystalline amorphous blue phase and its large electrooptical Kerr effect. J Mater Chem 21 2855-2857... 

The order must then be frozen in before crystallisation occurs, since this would result in the formation of grain boundaries and a reduction in transport or emission efficiency. Device breakdown is also a possibility. The most efficient way to fix the liquid crystalline order is the formation of anisotropic networks by the polymerisation of reactive mesogens in the liquid crystalline state.Anisotropic polymer networks formed from the thermal or photoinitiated polymerisation of polymerisable, so-called photoreactive, liquid crystalline monomers have been used in a wide variety of electrooptic applications, see Chapter This is a more attractive approach than cross-linking... 

Dielectric and Electrooptical Properties of a Chiral Liquid Crystalline Polymer... 

F.-H. Kreuzer, Ch. Brauchle, A. Miller, A. Petri, "Cyclic Liquid-Crystalline Siloxanes as Optical Recording Media", in Polymers as Electrooptical and Photooptical Active Media (Ed. V. Shibaev), Springer, Berlin, 1996, p. 111. 

T. Kajiyama, H. Kikuchi, and K. Nakamura, Photoresponsive electrooptical effect of liquid crystalline polymer/low molecular weight liquid crystal composite system, Proc. SPIE 1911, 111-121 (1993). 

A prerequisite for experimental determination of the anisotropic electrooptic properties (Ae, An) is the occurrence of a nematic phase with a defined order parameter S [4]. As single substances, many commercially used liquid crystalline materials have either no mesophase or a smectic phase only. As components of nematic basic mixtures on the other hand, they behave like typical liquid crystals. 

Nematic materials are only one member of a large family of a variety of structurally different compounds forming liquid crystalline mesophases. Although only nematics have yet found really widespread use, mostly for display applications, some structurally highly diverse smectic phases also have unique electrooptical characteristics, for example ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity, which can be modulated by selective fluorination [5, 51]. For 20 years intensive effort has been devoted to making practical use of these phenomena. 

Liquid crystals are unique molecular materials because of their anisotropic nature and molecular dynamics [1-4]. Over the last three decades, these materials have been developed as advanced materials for electrooptical applications such as display devices. Liquid crystals also have close relationships to biomolecular systems [5]. Cell membranes form dynamic and anisotropic molecular states, which possess liquid-crystalline behavior. Recently, liquid-crystalline complexes of DNAs and liposomes have been considered as potential systems for gene therapy [6]. The design of liquid crystals by using a variety of structures and interactions may lead to wider applicability of mesomorphic materials. 

Blinov, L.M., Chigrinov, V.G. Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystalline Materials. Springer,... 

Pfeiffer, M., Beresnev, L. A., Haase, W., Scherowsky, G., Kuehnpast, K., and Jung-bauer, D., Dielectric and electrooptic properties of a switchable ferroelectric liquid crystalline side chain polymer. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 214, 125-141 (1992). 

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