Electronic spray deposition technique

Fig. 2.2 Structures and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of different MALDI matrices deposited onto a stainless steel plate. Lower SEM photographs show E. coli cells cocrystallized with different MALDI matriees (matrix applied with a spray deposition technique). Arrows point to intact cells within the erystalline matrix. (Adapted from Toh-Boyo et al. 2012, eopyright American Chemical Society)...

Particularly desirable among film deposition processes are solution-based techniques, because of the relative simplicity and potential economy of these approaches. However, the covalent character of the metal chalcogenides, which provides the benefit of the desired electronic properties (e.g., high electrical mobility), represents an important barrier for solution processing. Several methods have been developed to overcome the solubility problem, including spray deposition, bath-based techniques, and electrochemical routes, each of which will be discussed in later chapters. In this chapter, a very simple dimensional reduction approach will be considered as a means of achieving a convenient solution-based route to film deposition. 

Decreasing operation temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrocatalytic reactors down to 800-1100 K requires developments of novel materials for electrodes and catalytic layers, applied onto the surface of solid electrolyte or mixed conducting membranes, with a high performance at reduced temperatures. Highly-dispersed active oxide powders can be prepared and deposited using various techniques, such as spray pyrolysis, sol-gel method, co-precipitation, electron beam deposition etc. However, most of these methods are relatively expensive or based on the use of complex equipment. This makes it necessary to search for alternative synthesis and porous-layer processing routes, enabling to decrease the costs of electrochemical cells. Recently, one synthesis technique based on the use... 

Dried spray deposits on leaf surfaces have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while secondary electron emission, cathodoluminescence, and X-ray microanalysis have been used to examine the phytotoxic effects of pesticides or surfactants on the leaf epidermis. Using these techniques, it has been demonstrated that uptake continued after spray deposits have visibly dried. ... 

Another growing apphcation that overlaps the electrically functional area is the use of transparent conductive coatings or tin oxide, indium—tin oxide, and similar materials in photovoltaic solar ceUs and various optic electronic apphcations (see Photovoltaic cells). These coatings are deposited by PVD techniques as weU as by spray pyrolysis, which is a CVD process. 

High-speed coating process, such as plasma spray and electron physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), has been used for thick coating typically thermal barrier coating (TBC), To improve the performance of TBC, a new coating route should be developed. This review briefly introduces conventional high-speed coating processes, and also describes a new laser chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) technique invented by the present authors. 

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