Electron microscopy vitrification

TCLP TDB TDF THC TBP TEM TLM TM-AFM TOC TRLFS TRU TSP TST TVS Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure Thermodynamic database Tyre-derived fuel Total hydrocarbon Tri-n-butyl phosphate Transmission electron microscopy Triple layer model Tapping mode atomic force microscopy Total organic carbon Time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy Transuranic Total suspended particles Transition state theory Transportable vitrification system... 

Egelhaaf, S.U., Schurtenberger, P., and Muller, M. (2000). New controlled environment vitrification system for cryo-transmission electron microscopy design and application to surfactant solutions. J. Microsc. 200, 128-139. 

To prove the formation of vesicles a number of indirect techniques can be used such as dynamic light scattering, the use of fluorescent probes and pulsed field gradient NMR self-diffusion measurements. Some more direct techniques such as freeze-fracture and negative staining electron microscopy are less biased by the interpretation of the scientist, but also these methods have their limitations. Cryo-electron microscopy, as introduced by Dubochet in the 80s, is the method of choice when it comes to visualization of small colloidal structures. Recent developments in the vitrification of specimens make it now possible to observe vesicles and other aggregated structures artifact free. 

Figure 1 Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy with controlled environment vitrification. (From Ref. 9.)...

J. R. Bellare, H. T. Davis, L. E. Scriven, and Y. Talmon, An improved controlled-environment vitrification system (CEVS) for cryofixation of hydrated TEM samples, Proc. Xlth Int. Cong, on Electron Microscopy, Kyoto, Japan, Aug. 31-Sept. 7, 1986 J. Electron Microsc. 35 (Suppl. 

J. R. Bellare, J. K. Bailey, and M. Mecartney, Freezing dynamical sol-gel processes with the controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS), Proc. 45th Meeting Electron Microscopy Society of America (G. W. Bailey, ed.), San Francisco Press, San Francisco, 1982, pp. 356-357. E. A. Hildebrand, I. R. McKinnon, and D. R. MacFarlane, J. Phys. Chem. 90 2784-2786 (1986). E. Sjoblom and S. Friberg, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 67 16-30 (1978). 

Bellare, J. R., Davis, H. T., Scriven, L. E., and Taknon, Y. 1988. Controlled environment vitrification system An improved sample preparation techniqne. Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique, 10(1), 87-111. 

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